Constructing and Transferring Two-Dimensional Tessellation Kagome Lattices via Chemical Reactions on Cu(111) Surface

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interests recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. 2D tessellations have been successfully constructed on surfaces via various intermolecular interactions. However, the transformation between 2D tessellation lattices has been rarely reported. Herein, we successfully fabricated two types of Kagome lattices on Cu(111). The former phase exhibits (3,6,3,6) Kagome lattices, which are stabilized via the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The latter phase is formed through direct chemical transferring from the former one maintaining almost the same Kagome lattices, except for that the unit cell rotates for 4°. Detailed scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the chemical transformation is achieved by the formation of the N−Cu−N metal−organic bonds via dehydrogenation reactions of the amines.

Synthesis of the Two-Dimensional Robust Kagome Lattice on Au(111) via the Introduction of Fe Atoms

“…According to previous reports, − the carboxyl groups remain pristine on Au(111) at RT. Furthermore, our previous studies suggest that the amino groups remain intact on a copper surface at RT. − Considering copper is more chemically active than gold, the amino groups should remain pristine in the α phase. The pristine carboxyl groups are known to interact with each other with a head-to-head fashion via the double O–H···O hydrogen bonds. − , The interactions between the amino groups and the carboxyl groups are rather weak, through the N–H···O hydrogen bonds. , In addition, the STM images of the amino groups containing molecules are fuzzy on Au(111) at 77 K (Figure S1), suggesting both the interactions between the amino groups and the molecule–substrate interactions are neglectable.…”

On-surface synthesis of metal–organic frameworks: the critical role of the reaction conditions

“…The presence of heteroatoms in the unit in 2D-MOFs, in particular N and O, is not unusual. [37][38][39] Nevertheless, the values found in our work for the stabilization energies indicate greater stability for the case of the honeycomb lattice as compared to the Kagome framework. Usually, the 4-fold metal coordination in Kagome networks is square planar, which is highly stable.…”

On-Surface Synthesis of Novel Kagome Lattices Coordinated via Four-Fold N–Ag Bonding

“…The corner-tocorner distance is reduced to about 34.29 Å (Figure 3b). It should be emphasized that the Ag-(BPhen average size more than 100 × 100 nm 2 . Moreover, the Ag-(BPhen) 3 Kagome lattice exhibits good thermal stability.…”

“…The electronic properties of 2D supramolecular nanoarchitectures could be described by energy band structure, while the special lattice could induce the significant difference of band dispersion and result in novel topological and physical properties . Various 2D supramolecular nanoarchitectures have been explored in depth, including Kagome lattice, honeycomb lattice, and Lieb lattice. − In particular, Kagome lattice presents the semiregular trihexagonal uniform tiling, which brings the spin-frustrated magnetism. , Meanwhile, due to its inherent properties such as flat band and Dirac cones, Kagome lattice provides an excellent platform for studying quantum Hall effect, Winger crystal and high-temperature superconductivity, etc. − The increasing development of on-surface synthesis offers new opportunities toward the fabrication of Kagome lattices, which are usually stabilized by intermolecular interactions. Recent work has revealed the effectiveness of weak interactions in constructing Kagome lattices. − In comparison with other noncovalent interactions such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and π–π stacking, metal–organic coordination exhibits the advantages of ideal selectivity, high directionality, and the self-healing capability based on reversibility.…”