Constructing autobiographical events within a spatial or temporal context: a comparison of two targeted episodic induction techniques

Gurguryan, Lauri; Madore, Kevin P.; Schacter, Daniel L.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2019.1586952

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…That is, event, place, time, perceptual, and emotion/thought details that were not directly related to the event being described were not included in the tallies that were used in the perception-based detail ratio score analysis, although they were labeled and counted. The perception-based detail ratio score was computed (as in 35 ) by taking the sum of time, place, and perceptual details, and dividing it by the total number of internal details.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible, however, that these studies failed to detect an association because they used a composite measure of episodic details that conflates qualitatively different types of details. Mental representations of events (either autobiographical or imagined) are most likely constructed 20 by binding together different kinds of details that fall into two overarching categories: central, event-related details that make up the "story line" of a memory (previously referred to as "gist-based" details by Sheldon and colleagues 35 ), and perceptually rich details that reflect mental construction of a scene (referred to as "perception-based" details by Sheldon and colleagues) [35][36][37] . Importantly, both categories of details are classified as internal to an event, or episode-specific.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Another possibility is that more future-oriented choice will be associated with the extent to which memories are more gist-based. Event-related details, or gist-based details (to use the terminology of Sheldon and colleagues 35 ), are related to the overall meaning of an event, including what transpired and in what sequence 43 . They are still episodic, but they are often relatively more "semanticized" compared to perception-based details, since they take longer to decay 36,44 and rely more on interactions with semantic memory, including event schemas 43,45 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This protocol identifies five detail categories: time, place, perceptual, event, and emotion/thought details. As in previous research from Sheldon and colleagues 35 , we classified time, place, and perceptual details as "perception-based, " and event and emotion/thought details as "gist-based. " We examined the relationship between temporal discounting and the extent to which autobiographical memories were richer in perception-based or gist-based details, as well as the number of internal details in memory descriptions overall.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Links between autobiographical memory richness and temporal discounting in older adults

Lempert¹,

MacNear²,

Wolk³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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When making choices between smaller, sooner rewards and larger, later ones, people tend to discount future outcomes. Individual differences in temporal discounting in older adults have been associated with episodic memory abilities and entorhinal cortical thickness. the cause of this association between better memory and more future-oriented choice remains unclear, however. one possibility is that people with perceptually richer recollections are more patient because they also imagine the future more vividly. Alternatively, perhaps people whose memories focus more on the meaning of events (i.e., are more "gist-based") show reduced temporal discounting, since imagining the future depends on interactions between semantic and episodic memory. We examined which categories of episodic details-perception-based or gist-based-are associated with temporal discounting in older adults. older adults whose autobiographical memories were richer in perception-based details showed reduced temporal discounting. furthermore, in an exploratory neuroanatomical analysis, both discount rates and perception-based details correlated with entorhinal cortical thickness. Retrieving autobiographical memories before choice did not affect temporal discounting, however, suggesting that activating episodic memory circuitry at the time of choice is insufficient to alter discounting in older adults. These findings elucidate the role of episodic memory in decision making, which will inform interventions to nudge intertemporal choices. Throughout our lives, we face many intertemporal choices that involve trade-offs between smaller, immediate gains and larger, long-term benefits 1. For example, an individual may have to decide whether or not it is worth paying a fee to withdraw retirement funds early. People generally tend to prefer immediate rewards to delayed ones, and they discount the value of delayed rewards to a greater extent as the delay to receiving them increases. This tendency towards temporal discounting is nearly universal, but the rate at which people discount future rewards varies widely 2,3. Steep temporal discounting, or overvaluing the present at one's long-term expense, is associated with risky behaviors such as alcohol use 4 , gambling 5 , smoking 6,7 , and excessive credit card borrowing 8. Given the substantial negative impact of steep temporal discounting, it is important to understand the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie intertemporal choices, and to use this knowledge to develop interventions that could reduce impatience. The literature on the neural correlates of temporal discounting points to the involvement of valuation regions 9-11 , executive control regions 12-15 and episodic memory regions 16,17 in this choice process. It remains unclear, however, which of these neurocognitive systems underlies individual differences in the tendency to discount future rewards. One neurocognitive system that may support future-oriented intertemporal choices is episodic memory, or context-rich memory for autobiographical events 1...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Links between autobiographical memory richness and temporal discounting in older adults

Lempert¹,

MacNear²,

Wolk³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Previous research using the standard episodic specific induction has involved watching and recounting details from a neutral video Sheldon, Gurguryan, Madore, & Schacter, 2019) whereas, similar to Madore et al 2019, we employed self-referential past and future inductions. Unlike previous work (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Inductions in Episodic Past or Future Thinking: Effects on Episodic Detail and Problem-Solving

Hallford¹,

Austin²,

Dax³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Episodic specificity inductions, involving brief training in recollecting episodic details, have been shown to improve subsequent performance on tasks involving remembering the past, imagining the future and problem solving. The current study examined if specificity inductions targeting self-referential past or future episodic thinking would have dissociable effects on generating past and future episodic detail and problem solving. Sixty-three participants were randomised to either a past self-referential or future self-referential episodic induction. All participants also completed a control task. Participants randomised to the self-referential future thinking induction generated more episodic details on past and future narrative tasks compared to a control task, whereas participants randomised to a self-referential past thinking induction showed similar performance to the control task. When examining within-group performance of participants randomised to the past or future induction, we found some evidence of dissociable effects of inductions on narrative generation tasks, but not on problem solving outcomes. Our findings suggest that self-referential inductions may be useful for increasing episodic specificity, but that the temporal distance and direction of the induction matters. We discuss our results in the context of the potential clinical utility of this approach for populations vulnerable to autobiographical memory disruption.

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How emotion influences the details recalled in autobiographical memory

Wardell

Madan

Jameson

et al. 2021

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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A wealth of research suggests that emotion enhances memory. Yet, this enhancement is not uniform. While some theories posit that emotion enhances memory for sensory/perceptual information, such an enhancement has not been observed in mnemonic detail production. However, a focus on remote events (often more semanticized) may be masking an effect. Focusing on perceptual details, we examined the effects of emotion on mnemonic detail, sampling both remote and recent autobiographical events. We administered the Autobiographical Interview, a protocol that parses autobiographical details into categories (perceptual, event, emotion/thoughts, place, and time). Participants (N = 56) recalled memories that were positive, negative, and neutral from recent (≲3 months old) and remote (~1–5 years old) time periods. Recollection of perceptual details did not differ for emotional versus neutral memories at either retention interval. However, emotion affected memory for other detail types, contingent on time period. Our findings enrich our understanding of the nuance of emotional memory.

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Constructing autobiographical events within a spatial or temporal context: a comparison of two targeted episodic induction techniques

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

Links between autobiographical memory richness and temporal discounting in older adults

Links between autobiographical memory richness and temporal discounting in older adults

Brief Inductions in Episodic Past or Future Thinking: Effects on Episodic Detail and Problem-Solving

How emotion influences the details recalled in autobiographical memory

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