“…It's crucial to recognize the prevalent practices of male domination over women, which profoundly shape masculine identities globally [32,33] , including across African countries [34][35][36] . In South Africa, the broader social context for male victims is entrenched in patriarchal discourses, where men are pressured to conform to norms of power, toughness, and hyper-masculinity to maintain dominance over women and gain respect within their communities [21,[37][38][39] . Therefore, investigating the experiences of men who, unable to assert dominance over their partners, become victims and survivors, and examining how they navigate the interaction between their clinical conditions and their failures to enact social expectations, constitutes a crucial aspect explored in this article.…”