As an important link to ensure the quality of classroom teaching, teaching evaluation plays a great role in the teachers 'professional development and students' training. China's new curriculum reform also clearly points out that "we should establish an evaluation system to promote the comprehensive development of students". Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out the effective teaching evaluation in the field of middle school mathematics. Guided by the theory of situational cognition and referring to domestic and foreign literature, the paper constructs a middle school mathematics classroom teaching evaluation system with classroom atmosphere, learning motivation, knowledge mastery degree, the development degree of core literacy, the interdisciplinary ability to solve practical problems, and the culture and spirit of mathematics.