Construction and Demolition Waste

Migliore, Marco; Talamo, Cinzia; Paganin, Giancarlo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30318-1_2

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, mycelium bio-composites are biodegradable or even compostable, and therefore, these materials do not need to be disposed of by landfilling and will not accumulate in the environment. Construction and demolition waste account for about half of the solid waste generated every year worldwide amounting to about 4 billion tons per annum in the EU, US, China, and India alone . Thus, even if a modest proportion of conventional construction materials would be replaced by mycelium bio-composites, a significant impact could be achieved by reducing energy costs, CO 2 emissions, solid waste, and environmental pollution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Mycelium Bio-Composite Acts as a CO₂-Sink Building Material with Low Embodied Energy

Livne

Wösten

Pearlmutter

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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As part of the global transformation to a circular economy, modern society faces the challenge of developing sustainable building materials that do not deplete nonrenewable resources or generate environmentally destructive waste. Bio-composites based on fungal mycelium grown on agricultural waste streams have the potential to serve this purpose, reducing the ecological impact of the construction industry and the conventional materials on which it currently relies. In addition to the possible advantages in the production and postuse phases of their life cycle, mycelium bio-composites are lightweight and highly insulating, thus providing valuable thermal properties for reducing energy consumption and emissions over the operational lifespan of the building. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle assessment of mycelium bio-composites was conducted, focusing on the embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC). Part of the CO2 that is emitted is the result of the fungal growth. Therefore, a novel calculation method was developed to assess the metabolic carbon emissions as a function of weight loss during the growth period. Using a cradle-to-gate model of the production process, the EE of the mycelium bio-composite was estimated to be 860 MJ m–3, which represents a 1.5- to 6-fold reduction compared with that of the common construction materials. The EC was calculated to be −39.5 kg CO2eq m–3, its negative value indicating that the fungal bio-composite effectively functions as a CO2 sink, in contrast to currently used construction materials that have a positive EC. The incubation stage of mycelium bio-composite production made up the largest portion (73%) of the overall energy, while metabolic CO2 comprised a significant proportion (21%) of the overall emissions as well. Altogether, our results demonstrate that using bio-composite building materials based on fungal mycelium and local plant residues can provide a sustainable alternative to current practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%