Construction and in vitro digestibility evaluation of a novel human milk fat substitute rich in structured triglycerides

Abstract

The infants who cannot be breastfeed need to obtain energy and nutrition from other sources, such as formula. In this study, a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) rich in structured triglycerides (STG) and with a variety of fatty acids was prepared by one-step transesterification reaction. The optimum conditions for the lipase-catalyzed transesterification between basa catfish oil solid fraction, Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil, linseed oil, microbial oil and algae oil were studied and the in vitro digestibility of the constructed HMFS was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained HMFS contained 58.86% STG and 39.73% sn-2 palmitic acid (PA). Fatty acid composition analysis showed that HMFS was composed of capric acid (Ca), lauric acid (La), oleic acid (O), linoleic acid (L), linolenic acid (Ln), arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). LC-MS/MS analysis found that 142 new triglycerides were generated, such as Ca-P-ARA, Ca-P-Ln, La-P-ARA, La-P-L and P-O-ARA. Moreover, compared with physical mixture (PM), HMFS had better melting and crystallization temperature and the fatty acid release rate of HMFS was significantly improved. These results suggested that HMFS may have a great application in infant food as a nutritional ingredient.

Geographic Pattern of Variations in Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernels from China

“…The contents of caprylic acid (CLA, C8:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0), stearic acid (SA, C18:0), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and icosanoic acid (IA, C20:0) were relatively low, with no significant differences between the samples. The CA content was higher than those reported (53.27% and 54.40%) by Hu et al [ 31 ] and Zeng et al [ 18 ], respectively. However, the contents of LA and OA in this study were lower than those reported.…”

“…Methyl esterification of the kernel oil was analyzed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a DB-23 column (60 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [ 18 ]. The major parameters were set as follows: carrier gas, nitrogen; flow rate, 2 mL/min; injection temperature, 250 °C; detection temperature, 250 °C.…”

“…Methyl esterification of the kernel oil was analyzed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a DB-23 column (60 m × 250 µm × 0.25 µm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [18]. The major parameters were set as follows: carrier gas, nitrogen; flow rate, 2 mL/min; injection temperature, 250 • C; detection temperature, 250 • C. The column temperature was first kept at 50 • C for 1 min, increased to 175 • C at 20 • C/min and kept at 175 • C for 5 min, increased from to 230 • C at 4 • C/min and then kept at 230 • C for 10 min.…”

Application of Different Animal Fats as Solvents to Extract Carotenoids and Capsaicinoids from Sichuan Chili

“…Chicken fat with a higher unsaturation degree represented two small endothermic peaks due to the lack of high melting point TAG molecules [50][51][52]. Basa fish oil with the highest melting point and enthalpy reflected its high thermal stability due to the presence of higher melting point saturated TAG molecular species [53]. It is noteworthy that the melting curve of animal fats before and after extraction was slightly changed.…”