Construction and Investigation of Pt/Pd Thermocouples in the Framework of the Euromet Project 857

Edler, Frank; Morice, R.; Pearce, J. V.

doi:10.1007/s10765-007-0353-1

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…During further ageing, from 200 h to 500 h, the Pt/Pd thermocouple retained its stability within about 0.8 µV (34 mK). These data at Co-C indicated that the stability of this Pt/Pd thermocouple is likely to be comparable to those reported by Edler et al [2] in their Fig. 2.…”

Section: Stability Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The thermoelements were cleaned with ethyl alcohol and distilled water. The Pd wire was annealed electrically in air for 9.5 h at approximately 1300 • C and then 0.5 h at 450 • C. The Pt wire was electrically annealed for 9 h at the same temperature, followed by 0.5 h at 750 • C and then 0.5 h at 450 • C prior to cooling to ambient temperature by switching off the current [2]. The wires were then inserted into a twin-bore re-crystallized alumina insulator tube (Al 2 O 3 , 99.7 % purity, outer diameter of 4 mm, inner diameter of 1.2 mm, length of 710 mm) which was pre-cleaned by baking at 1500 • C, in air, for 24 h. The measuring junction of the Pt/Pd thermocouple was prepared by bending the Pt arm into a U-shape, then welding the two thermoelements directly to each other [5,6].…”

Section: Pt/pd Thermocouplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because a pure element is far more thermoelectrically homogeneous than an alloy, the pure elemental thermocouples such as Pt/Pd and Au/Pt are expected to provide higher performance than those consisting of alloys such as Pt-Rh/Pt [1]. A number of studies of Pt/Pd thermocouples have been published and have demonstrated that the stability and homogeneity of the Pt/Pd thermocouples are superior to Pt-Rh/Pt thermocouples [1][2][3][4]. However, to the authors' knowledge there has not, thus far, been a systematic comparative study of the drift and homogeneity performance of Pt/Pd and Pt-Rh/Pt thermocouples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of Pt/Pd and Pt–Rh/Pt Thermocouples

et al. 2010

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The Pt/Pd thermocouple has demonstrated superior thermoelectric drift and homogeneity performance over conventional Pt-Rh/Pt thermocouples. Here, we present a systematic comparison of the drift and homogeneity performance of Pt/Pd and Type R thermocouples by ageing the thermocouples at 1350 • C for a total of 500 h and measuring the performance at regular intervals during this time. The thermocouples studied were one Pt/Pd thermocouple, one Type R thermocouple and one 'special' Type R thermocouple which was given the same preparatory annealing treatment as the Pt/Pd thermocouple prior to use. The thermoelectric stability of each thermocouple was measured at the freezing point of Ag (961.78 • C) and the melting point of Co-C eutectic (1324.29 • C). The thermoelectric homogeneity of the thermocouples was also measured. Two difference methods were used by withdrawing the thermocouple from the Ag cell and by moving a localized heat source along the thermocouple. The long-term drift of the Pt/Pd thermocouple was around 50 mK (Ag) and 65 mK (Co-C) after the first 100 h ageing at 1350 • C, followed by a further 25 mK (Ag) and 35 mK (Co-C) over the subsequent 400 h ageing. This drift performance and inhomogeneity were an order of magnitude lower than for the two Type R thermocou-123 Int J Thermophys (2010) 31:1506-1516 1507 ples. The Type R thermocouple which was given the 'special' preparatory treatment was about 50 % more stable than the conventional Type R thermocouple.

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Section: Stability Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Pt/pd Thermocouplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of Pt/Pd and Pt–Rh/Pt Thermocouples

et al. 2010

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“…Only brief details of the Pt/Pd thermocouples developed for this project are given here as the detailed investigations and results from the participating laboratories are reported in a separate paper [17].…”

Section: Platinum/palladium Thermocouplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Fixed-Point Facilities for Improved Thermocouple Calibration—Euromet Project 857

et al. 2008

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LNE, NPL, and PTB decided in 2005 to join their research efforts in the framework of Euromet Project 857 with the aim of reducing the calibration uncertainty of noble metal and other high-temperature thermocouples by at least a factor of two. This ambitious target will be met through the development and implementation of robust high-temperature fixed points based on metal-carbon eutectic technology. The Euromet project is structured around five work packages and ensures good and efficient cooperation between the partners to meet the objectives within the project timeframe of four years. Furthermore, a formal cooperative research agreement has been established with the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) to demonstrate, on a worldwide basis, that this new method is a significant improvement over current calibration methods. In summary, the project consists of (a) the development of sets of cells at the cobalt-carbon eutectic point (1,324 • C) and palladium-carbon eutectic point (1,492 • C) and (b) the construction of platinum/palladium (Pt/Pd) thermocouples carefully stabilized for use to these temperatures. Supplementary research to be undertaken as part of this project is the improvement of fixed-point construction and realization capabilities through high-temperature furnaces with low thermal gradients. This paper describes the European project and gives an overview of current progress.

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“…

In my previous article [1] I discussed some of the innovations that are taking place at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) 1 in improving high temperature measurement. Starting with the current defined temperature scale ITS-90 [2, 3], I introduced the concepts of high-temperature fixed points [4], new types of thermocouple for use to 1500°C [5,6] and developments in self-validation for contact thermometry sensors [7] and showed that high temperature measurement is undergoing a quiet revolution throughout the measurement chain. Here I want to set the work at NPL in a broader context of developments in the European Union (EU), again led from NPL, through the European Metrology Research Programme 2 project "HiTeMS: High Temperature Measurement Solutions for Industry".

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HiTeMS: A Pan-European Project to Solve High Temperature Measurement Problems in Industry

Machin

2012

Measurement and Control

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In my previous article [1] I discussed some of the innovations that are taking place at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in improving high temperature measurement. Starting with the current defined temperature scale ITS-90 [2, 3], I introduced the concepts of high-temperature fixed points [4], new types of thermocouple for use to 1500°C [5, 6] and developments in self-validation for contact thermometry sensors [7] and showed that high temperature measurement is undergoing a quiet revolution throughout the measurement chain. Here I want to set the work at NPL in a broader context of developments in the European Union (EU), again led from NPL, through the European Metrology Research Programme project “HiTeMS: High Temperature Measurement Solutions for Industry”.

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Construction and Investigation of Pt/Pd Thermocouples in the Framework of the Euromet Project 857

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative Study of Pt/Pd and Pt–Rh/Pt Thermocouples

Comparative Study of Pt/Pd and Pt–Rh/Pt Thermocouples

High-Temperature Fixed-Point Facilities for Improved Thermocouple Calibration—Euromet Project 857

HiTeMS: A Pan-European Project to Solve High Temperature Measurement Problems in Industry

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