Construction and on-site performance of the LHAASO WFCTA camera

Aharonian, F.; An, Q.; Axikegu,; Bai, Lixin; Bai, Y.; Bao, Yiwei; Bastieri, D.; Bi, X. J.; Bi, Y. J.; Cai, H.; Cai, J. T.; Cao, Zhe; Chang, Jin; Chang, X. C.; Chen, B.M.; Chen, J.; Chen, L.; Chen, M.J.; Chen, Q.H.; Chen, S.H.; Chen, T.L.; Chen, X.L.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, Ning; Cheng, Yaodong; Cui, S. W.; Cui, Xiaohong; Cui, Yudong; Dai, B. Z.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, Z. G.; Danzengluobu,; Volpe, D. della; Piazzoli, B. D’Ettorre; Dong, X.; Fan, J. H.; Fan, Yi‐Zhong; Zhou, Fan; Fang, J.; Fang, Ke; Feng, C. F.; Feng, Li; Feng, S. H.; Feng, Y. L.; Gao, Bo; Gao, Chengyong; Gao, Qi; Gao, Wei; Ge, M. M.; Geng, L. S.; Gong, G.; Gou, Q. B.; Gu, M. H.; Guo, J. G.; Guo, Xiaolei; Guo, Y. Q.; Guo, Y. Y.; Han, Y. A.; He, H. H.; He, Junjiang; He, S. L.; He, Xinyu; He, Y.; Heller, M.; Hor, Y. K.; Hou, Chao; Hou, Xun; Hu, Haibing; Hu, S. C.; Hu, Xintian; Huang, Dezhi; Huang, Q.; Huang, Wenhao; Huang, X. T.; Huang, Z. C.; Ji, Fei; Ji, X. L.; Jia, H. Y.; Jiang, K.; Jiang, Z. J.; Jin, Chao; Kuleshov, D.; Levochkin, K.; Li, B.B.; Li, C.; Fan, Li,; Li, H.B.; Li, J.; Li, K.; Li, W.L.; Li, X.; Li, X.R.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.Z.; Li, Z.; Liang, En‐Wei; Liang, Yun-Feng; Lin, S. J.; Liu, B.; Liu, C.; Liu, D.; Liu, H.; Liu, H.D.; Liu, J.; Liu, J.L.; Liu, J.S.; Liu, M.Y.; Liu, R.Y.; Liu, S.M.; Liu, W.; Liu, Y.N.; Liu, Zhengyan; Long, W. J.; Lü, Rui; Lv, Hongkui; Ma, Bin; Ma, Lingling; Ma, Xiaohua; Mao, J.; Masood, A.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Montaruli, T.; Nan, Y. C.; Pang, B. Y.; Pattarakijwanich, P.; Pei, Z. Y.; Qi, M. Y.; Ruffolo, D.; Rulev, V.; Sáiz, A.; Shao, L.; Shchegolev, O. B.; Sheng, X. D.; Shi, Jingyan; Song, H. C.; Stenkin, Yu. V.; Stepanov, V.; Sun, Q. N.; Sun, Xiao-Na; Sun, Zhang‐Hua; Tam, P. H. T.; Tang, Z.; Tian, Wei; Wang, B.D.; Wang, C.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.G.; Wang, J.C.; Wang, J.S.; Wang, L.P.; Wang, L.Y.; Wang, R.N.; Wang, W.; Wang, X.G.; Wang, X.J.; Wang, X.Y.; Wang, Y.D.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z.H.; Wang, Z.X.; Wei, Da-Ming; Wei, J. J.; Wei, Y. J.; Wen, Tao; Wu, C. Y.; Wu, H. R.; Wu, Sha Sha; Wu, W. X.; Wu, X.; Xi, Shao-Qiang; Xia, J.; Xiang, G. M.; Xiao, G. C.; Xiao, H. B.; Xin, G. G.; Xin, Y.; Xing, Yongzhong; Xu, D. L.; Xu, Rong; Xue, L.; Yan, Dahai; Yang, Chaowen; Yang, Fang; Yang, Jian-Huan; Yang, L.; Yang, Mingjie; Yang, Rui; Yang, S. B.; Yao, Y. H.; Yao, Z. G.; Ye, Y.M.; Yin, L. Q.; Yin, Na; You, X. H.; You, Z. Y.; Yu, Y. H.; Yuan, Qiang; Zeng, Houdun; Zeng, Tingxuan; Zeng, W.; Zeng, Z. K.; Zha, M.; Zhai, X. X.; Zhang, B.B.; Zhang, H.M.; Zhang, H.Y.; Zhang, J.L.; Zhang, J.W.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.X.; Zhang, P.F.; Zhang, P.P.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, S.R.; Zhang, S.S.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, X.P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.F.; Zhao, Bing; Zhao, Jing; Liu, Zhao; Zhao, S. P.; Zheng, F.; Zheng, Y.; Zhou, Bin; Zhou, H.; Zhou, J. N.; Zhou, Ping; Zhou, Rong; Zhou, X. X.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, F. R.; Zhu, Huibin; Zhu, K.; Zuo, Xin

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09414-z

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(58 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the past decade, the feasibility of Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) application in the camera of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) has been explored and validated in many experiments [1][2][3][4][5]. Some other IACT experiments [6][7][8][9] also considered using SiPM as the photodetector in their upgrade version.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photomultiplier selection for Large Array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes

Lu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Large Array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (LACT) will be constructed at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory site to explore the nature of PeV gamma-ray sources. The cameras of LACT will use Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) as the photodetector. A dedicated test system was built to select SiPMs for LACT. The characteristics of six SiPM models from three manufacturers (Hamamatsu, Joinbon, and ON Semiconductor) were evaluated. Based on the characteristics of the candidate SiPMs and their preamplifiers, a Wiener-deconvolution algorithm is implemented to correct the pileup of the SiPM output pulses. The measurement methods and results for breakdown voltage, gain, dark count rate, optical crosstalk, and afterpulsing of the candidate SiPMs are reported in this article.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photomultiplier selection for Large Array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes

Lu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most IACT experiments choose to build multiple telescopes to form an array to obtain better angular resolution or larger field of view, such as H.E.S.S. [2], MAGIC [3], VERITAS [4], WFCTA [5,6], CTA [7,8]. In addition, there is a plan that several dozens of IACT will form an array with high angular resolution (< 0.06 • ) at Mountain Haizi in Si Chuan Province, namely Large Array of Cherenkov Telescope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sub-mirror radius of curvature automatic test system for IACT

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Image Air shower Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) is one powerful instrument to study gamma ray astronomy. Generally the reflection system of IACT is assembled by multiple small sub-mirrors. It is time-consuming and costly to measure the sub-mirrors for the traditional manual method. In order to solve the problem, we design and develop an automatic system to measure the radius of curvature (ROC) of spherical sub-mirrors. A foam aluminum sample spherical mirror is tested to verify system performance. The repeated measurement error of the system ROC is 5.68 mm with the step 5 mm, and the minimum spot size repeated measurement error is 0.04 mm. The results indicate that the accuracy and stability of the system are excellent. Two mirrors with different ROC are measured. The ROC of the aluminum foam structure mirror is 16100.30 ± 5.59 mm, and the minimum spot size is 3.37 ± 0.04 mm. The ROC of a glass mirror is 5810.00 ± 1.42 mm with the step 1 mm and a minimum spot size of 1.92 ± 0.02 mm. The results indicate that the system is suitable for measuring mirrors with different ROCs and the measurement results are effective and reliable. It is vital to note that the measurement is fast and unattended, the single measurement time is less than 5 minutes and the total time is less than 15 minutes.

show abstract

“…LHCb SciFi tracker [7], HERD [8]) or build pixels of a specific size (e.g. LHAASO WFCTA cameras [9]). Because each SiPM technology, micro-cell size or even sensor size cannot be produced and tested in the laboratory, it is very important to be able to foresee by means of simulations the response of the readout chain to a change in sensor type.…”

Section: Introduction: Current Challenges Of Sipms In Gamma-ray Astro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because each SiPM technology, micro-cell size or even sensor size cannot be produced and tested in the laboratory, it is very important to be able to foresee by means of simulations the response of the readout chain to a change in sensor type. This is even more true when the sensor has a custom size or shape [9,10] which requires most of the time a custom photo-mask and therefore prohibitive cost when just a trial sample is needed.…”

Section: Introduction: Current Challenges Of Sipms In Gamma-ray Astro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the MUSIC ASIC for large-area silicon photomultipliers for gamma-ray astronomy

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Large-area silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are desired in many applications where large surfaces have to be covered. For instance, a large area SiPM has been developed by Hamamatsu Photonics in collaboration with the University of Geneva, to equip gamma-ray cameras employed in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The sensor being about 1 cm2, a suitable preamplification electronics has been investigated in this work, which can deal with long pulses induced by the large capacitance of the sensor. The so-called Multiple Use SiPM Integrated Circuit (MUSIC), developed by the ICCUB (University of Barcelona), is investigated as a potential front-end ASIC, suitable to cover large area photodetection planes of gamma-ray telescopes. The ASIC offers an interesting pole-zero cancellation (PZC) that allows dealing with long SiPM signals, the feature of active summation of up to 8 input channels into a single differential output and it can offer a solution for reducing power consumption compared to discrete solutions. Measurements and simulations of MUSIC coupled to two SiPMs developed by Hamamatsu are considered and the ASIC response is characterized.

show abstract

Construction and on-site performance of the LHAASO WFCTA camera

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Silicon Photomultiplier selection for Large Array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes

Silicon Photomultiplier selection for Large Array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes

Development of sub-mirror radius of curvature automatic test system for IACT

Characterisation of the MUSIC ASIC for large-area silicon photomultipliers for gamma-ray astronomy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About