Construction and test of the SM1 type Micromegas chambers for the upgrade of the ATLAS forward muon spectrometer

Agarwala, Jinky; Alviggi, M. G.; Antonelli, M.; Anulli, F.; Arcangeletti, C.; Auricchio, S.; Bagnaia, P.; Bariani, S.; Baroncelli, A.; Bashta, I.; Bauce, M.; Beretta, M.; Bini, C.; Calabrò, D.; Camerlingo, Maria Teresa; Canale, V.; Capitolo, E.; Capponi, M.; Capradossi, G.; Carducci, G.; Caserio, A.; Cassese, C.; Cerioni, S.; Chiarella, V.; Ciapetti, G.; D’Amico, V.; Cecco, S. De; Fazio, B. De; Gaudio, M. Del; Nardo, R. Di; Donato, C. Di; D’Uffizi, D.; Farilla, A.; Farina, E. M.; Ferrari, R.; Fiore, G.; Frattari, G.; Freddi, Alessandro; Gaudio, G.; Gauzzi, P.; Giagu, S.; Gigli, S.; Gnesi, I.; Gorini, E.; Gravili, F. G.; Greco, M.; Iaciofano, A.; Iengo, P.; Innocente, A.; Introzzi, G.; Iodice, M.; Ippolito, V.; Charalampidi, A. Kourkoumeli; Lacava, F.; Lalli, E.; Lanza, A.; Lauciani, S.; Laurelli, P.; Luminari, L.; Mancini, G.; Martinelli, L.; Massarotti, P.; Miccoli, A.; Mirto, A.; Negri, A.; Orestano, D.; Paruzza, G.; Pepé, M.; Petruccetti, M.; Petrucci, F.; Pezzotti, L.; Pileggi, G.; Pirola, M.; Piscitelli, C.; Polesello, G.; Policicchio, A.; Pontoriere, G.; Ponzio, B.; Primavera, M.; Rebuzzi, D. M.; Rimoldi, A.; Romano, E.; Roscilli, L.; Rovelli, G.; Russo, V.; Sansoni, A.; Tehrani, F. Safai; Scagliotti, C.; Schioppa, M.; Sekhniaidze, G.; Sessa, M.; Sottocornola, S.; Trattino, Pietro; Tskhadadze, E.; Turco, Paolo Del; Vannicola, D.; Vannoli, L.; Vassilieva, T.; Vecchio, V.; Ventura, A.; Vercellati, F.; Vilucchi, E.; Zullo, A.; Zunica, G.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167285

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The micro-mesh support pillars are deposited on top of the resistive strips in a 7 mm × 7 mm × 7 mm triangular grid. Unlike most Micromegas detectors now in operation, in the ATLAS implementation the micro-mesh is not integrated into the readout structure, but rather connected to the drift panel, and stretched across the support pillars of the readout panel by mechanical tension [71][72][73]. The precision direction of the Micromegas coincides with the bending direction of the toroidal magnetic field, while the second coordinate is determined using strips with a small stereo angle.…”

Section: Micromegas Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: a description of the detector configuration for Run 3

Aad,

Abbott,

Abbott

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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The ATLAS detector is installed in its experimental cavern at Point 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. During Run 2 of the LHC, a luminosity of ℒ = 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 was routinely achieved at the start of fills, twice the design luminosity. For Run 3, accelerator improvements, notably luminosity levelling, allow sustained running at an instantaneous luminosity of ℒ = 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1, with an average of up to 60 interactions per bunch crossing. The ATLAS detector has been upgraded to recover Run 1 single-lepton trigger thresholds while operating comfortably under Run 3 sustained pileup conditions. A fourth pixel layer 3.3 cm from the beam axis was added before Run 2 to improve vertex reconstruction and b-tagging performance. New Liquid Argon Calorimeter digital trigger electronics, with corresponding upgrades to the Trigger and Data Acquisition system, take advantage of a factor of 10 finer granularity to improve triggering on electrons, photons, taus, and hadronic signatures through increased pileup rejection. The inner muon endcap wheels were replaced by New Small Wheels with Micromegas and small-strip Thin Gap Chamber detectors, providing both precision tracking and Level-1 Muon trigger functionality. Trigger coverage of the inner barrel muon layer near one endcap region was augmented with modules integrating new thin-gap resistive plate chambers and smaller-diameter drift-tube chambers. Tile Calorimeter scintillation counters were added to improve electron energy resolution and background rejection. Upgrades to Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillators and Forward Detectors improve luminosity monitoring and enable total proton-proton cross section, diffractive physics, and heavy ion measurements. These upgrades are all compatible with operation in the much harsher environment anticipated after the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC and are the first steps towards preparing ATLAS for the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC. This paper describes the Run 3 configuration of the ATLAS detector.

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Section: Micromegas Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: a description of the detector configuration for Run 3

Aad,

Abbott,

Abbott

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• Low and non-uniform resistance of the resistive layer (screen printing technique) and the strong dependence on the layout (design issue) -edge passivation [9].…”

Section: Construction: Challenges and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that bad HV-sections behave better while adding Isobutane, improving the sparking picture and allowing for better performances. Currents have been measured with a Keithley 2470 sourcemeter and results are shown in figure 11 [9] for the same good HV section at nominal voltage in Ar: CO 2 (93: 7) and in Ar: CO 2 : iC 4 H 10 (93: 5: 2); the nominal voltage is 570 V for the former and 520 V for the latter. It can be seen that the frequency of sparks in a 0.2 nA arbitrary binning for the current is greater in the case of the binary gas mixture.…”

Section: Surface Commissioning On the Nswmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the New Small Wheel Micromegas sectors for the phase 1 upgrade of the muon forward spectrometer of the ATLAS experiment at CERN

Mancini

2023

Phys. Scr.

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The ATLAS experiment is currently upgrading the ﬁrst muon station in the high-rapidity region with the New Small Wheels (NSW), based on large-size multi-gap resistive Micromegas (MM) technology and small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC). The NSW system is going to be installed in the ATLAS underground cavern during the LHC long shutdown 2 (2021) to enter in operation for Run3 (starting in the ﬁrst months of 2022). 128 Micromegas quadruplets, each composed by four measurement layers two to three square meters in size, are needed to build the two New Small Wheels, covering a total active area of about 1280 m2. The construction of all MM modules, carried out in France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Greece, is completed. Their mechanical integration into sectors, the installation of on-detector services and electronics, for the ﬁrst NSW is also completed, along with all validation and acceptance tests. The preparation of the second NSW is very well advanced. The advanced status of the project, in view of the imminent installation of the two NSW in ATLAS by the fall of 2021 will be reported. Micromegas detector construction and integration into sectors is presented, together with results obtained with cosmic rays data during the validation tests and the impressive steps of the wheel assembly completion.

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“…Concerning the gas mixture, 2% of Isobutane (Iso, iC 4 H 10 ) has been added to the mixture, allowing to run at significantly lower amplification voltages with equal gain and efficiency (typically −60 V on the HV) with respect to the binary gas mixture as shown in figure 2 and with a more stable HV picture [8]. Studies at GIF++ (Gamma Irradiation Facility using a 137 Cs source) at CERN, were…”

Section: Nsw Micromegas Summary On Addressed Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ready for LHC Run III: the ATLAS New Small Wheel and the MicroMegas chambers performances

Mancini

2023

J. Inst.

Self Cite

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The two New Small Wheels (NSW) for the upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer are now installed in the experiment and ready to collect data in LHC Run III, started in July 2022. The NSW is the largest Phase-1 upgrade project of ATLAS. Its challenging completion and readiness for data taking is a remarkable achievement of the Collaboration. The two wheels (10 meters in diameter) replace the first muon stations in the high-rapidity regions of ATLAS and are equipped with multiple layers of two new detector technologies: the small strips Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) and the MicroMegas (MM). The latter, belong to the family of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), for the first time used in such a large scale in HEP experiments. Each detector technology will cover more than 1200 m2 of active area. The new system is designed to assure high tracking efficiency, reduction of fake trigger rates and precision measurement of muon tracks, also in view of the higher background environment foreseen for Hi-Lumi LHC. In this presentation, the motivation of the NSW upgrade and the steps from the commissioning to the data taking together with the first results using the Run III data will be presented, focusing on the MicroMegas performances.

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Construction and test of the SM1 type Micromegas chambers for the upgrade of the ATLAS forward muon spectrometer

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: a description of the detector configuration for Run 3

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: a description of the detector configuration for Run 3

Validation of the New Small Wheel Micromegas sectors for the phase 1 upgrade of the muon forward spectrometer of the ATLAS experiment at CERN

Ready for LHC Run III: the ATLAS New Small Wheel and the MicroMegas chambers performances

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