Construction Methods Comparison of Stress Concentrators Curves for Different Geometries of Machine Elements

Abstract

The aim, herein, was to prove that the analysis of the stress concentration phenomenon with simulation methods provides results that fit those obtained experimentally, thus, corroborating that simulation is a powerful tool that minimizes costs and time in the construction of stress concentrator curves. The experimental curves of stress concentration factors available in the scientific literature can be recreated through simulations, achieving results with low errors. Due to this, geometries were selected with different shape ratios for study; these were developed in the DesingModeler® module of the ANSYS Workbench®, then meshed in the Mechanical® module, and three types of load were applied in their borders: axial force, flexing moment, and torsional moment; these were configured in the StaticStructural® module. After obtaining the maximum force and having calculated the nominal force, these were related by calculating the concentration factor to plot it against the geometric parameter modified during the virtual experimentation. In the end, these were compared with the experimental curves consulted. With the results obtained, it was concluded that it is possible to construct curves of stress concentration factor through simulations, with the same reliability as with conventional experimental methods, but at a lower cost. ResumenEl objetivo del presente estudio es comprobar que el análisis del fenómeno de concentración de esfuerzos con métodos de simulación proporciona resultados que se ajustan a los obtenidos vía experimental, corroborando así que la simulación es una herramienta poderosa, que minimiza costos y tiempo en la construcción de curvas de concentradores de esfuerzos. Las curvas de factor de concentración de esfuerzos experimentales disponibles en la literatura científica se pueden recrear por medio de simulaciones, logrando resultados con errores muy bajos. Por este motivo, se seleccionaron geometrías con diferentes relaciones de forma para el estudio, estas se desarrollaron en el módulo DesingModeler® del ANSYS Workbench®, después se realizó su mallado en el módulo Mechanical®, y se aplicaron tres tipos de carga en sus fronteras: fuerza axial, momento flexionante y momento torsionante, estas fueron configuradas en el módulo StaticStructural®. Después de obtener el esfuerzo máximo y haber calculado el esfuerzo nominal, fueron relacionados calculando el factor de concentración, para después graficarlo contra el parámetro geométrico que fue modificado durante la experimentación virtual. Al final, se compararon con las curvas experimentales consultadas. Con los resultados obtenidos se pudo concluir que es posible construir curvas de factor de concentración de esfuerzo por medio de simulaciones, con la misma confianza que se tiene en los métodos experimentales convencionales, pero a un menor costo.

Common but Differentiated Constitutionalisms

“…As Colombia deals with socio-economic development in the midst of the triple planetary crisis, environmental issues are at the core of the country's social conflicts.107 Environmental issues are among the most salient root causes of the internal armed conflict, which has lasted more than five decades.108 Unequitable access to land and natural resources fueled the conflict, and the climate and environmental crises exacerbate these precarious conditions.109 Furthermore, historically marginalized communities remained excluded from decision-making spaces while suffering the hardest consequences of the climate and peace crises.110 The country finds itself in a constant tension between its over-reliance on extractivism and natural resource exploitation to support its economy and peace building, and environmental protection as a hub of biological and cultural diversity. 111 Perhaps as a result, environmental constitutional expansionism appears as a way to coherently address the conflation of these complex problems. Particularly, in the aftermath of the recognition of the Atrato river as a subject of rights, and despite some implementation issues, the river's legal guardians have noticed a significant improvement in policymaking.…”