Construction of a double heterojunction between graphite carbon nitride and anatase TiO₂ with co-exposed (101) and (001) faces for enhanced photocatalytic degradation

Abstract

A double-heterojunction-structure photocatalyst g-C3N4/(101)-(001)-TiO2 with Z-system and surface heterojunction, was synthesized, which can effectively promote the separation of photogenerated e−–h+ pairs and the degradation of organic pollutants.

Dual Active Site Mediated Photocatalytic H2 Evolution through Water Splitting Using CeO2/PPy/BFO Double Heterojunction Catalyst

“…27 Additionally, the combination of graphite carbon nitride and anatase TiO 2 , featured with (101) and (001) faces, establishes a double heterojunction structure that accelerates the separation and transfer rate of photogenerated charges, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance for degrading organic pollutants. 28 Notably, a double-heterojunction photocatalyst comprising g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /CuO, having a narrow bandgap of ∼1.38 eV, presented excellent photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution (97.48 μmol g −1 h −1 ) under visible light irradiation. The staggered band structures of this double-heterojunction adhere to the Sscheme mechanism, where CuO serves as an electron acceptor, facilitating charge separation on g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 , thus enhancing the H 2 production rate.…”

“…This has improved hydroxyl radical production both under UV and visible light irradiation . Additionally, the combination of graphite carbon nitride and anatase TiO 2 , featured with (101) and (001) faces, establishes a double heterojunction structure that accelerates the separation and transfer rate of photogenerated charges, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance for degrading organic pollutants . Notably, a double-heterojunction photocatalyst comprising g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /CuO, having a narrow bandgap of ∼1.38 eV, presented excellent photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution (97.48 μmol g –1 h –1 ) under visible light irradiation.…”

The Importance of Precise Reaction Condition Control for the Comparison of Photocatalyst Materials on the Example of Hydrogen Peroxide Formation over Polymeric Carbon Nitrides

“…[32] However, since this photocatalyst has a low photoconversion efficiency, attempts were made to improve it by means of doping, [33][34] band gap modification, [35][36] co-catalyst loading [37][38] and hybridization with other catalysts. [39][40] Still, for H 2 O 2 , high conversion efficiencies were observed for PCN, where oxygen reacts in a 2electron transfer to form hydrogen peroxide while suppressing the formation of the superoxo radical. [41] Another way to improve the photoefficiency with pure carbon nitride is to create an amine-rich mesoporous surface.…”

“…Moreover, the potentials in the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) (E CB =−1.3 V NHE and E VB =1.4 V NHE at pH 7) are thermodynamically suitable for various reactions such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), organic pollutant degradation, water splitting and partial oxidation [32] . However, since this photocatalyst has a low photoconversion efficiency, attempts were made to improve it by means of doping, [33–34] band gap modification, [35–36] co‐catalyst loading [37–38] and hybridization with other catalysts [39–40] . Still, for H 2 O 2 , high conversion efficiencies were observed for PCN, where oxygen reacts in a 2‐electron transfer to form hydrogen peroxide while suppressing the formation of the superoxo radical [41] .…”