Construction of a microcumputer-based reaction-rate ratemeter

Ryan, Mary Andrieu; Ingle, J. D.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(81)80087-2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1981). In addition, several examples of laboratory applications of microprocessors are presented, including read-out systems for photomultipliers (Blades & Horlick 1981), a system for acquisition of kinetic d ata (Gampp 1981), a reaction ratem eter (Ryan & Ingle 1981) and a simple d ata logger (Belchamber & Horlick 1981). Generally these applications fall into the first generation of microprocessor implementations as mentioned above.…”

Section: Icroprocessor Applicatio Nsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in microprocessors for analytical chemistry

Horlick

1982

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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The nature of scientific and electronic instrumentation is currently undergoing revolutionary change as a result of the development of microprocessors. These remarkable devices have permitted the development of a new class of intelligent instruments whose capabilities far exceed those previously thought possible. Among the features now provided in analytical instrumentation as a result of built-in microprocessors are automated analyses, the local availability of very large amounts of mass storage, a powerful data-processing capability at each instrument, self-testing and calibration, and information management software. The nature and consequences of these developments are discussed in this paper. In addition, the ‘consumer market’ computers are beginning to make a significant impact on analytical instrumentation and laboratories. The capabilities and role seen for such systems are outlined.

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Section: Icroprocessor Applicatio Nsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in microprocessors for analytical chemistry

Horlick

1982

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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“…The method was devised for conditions of pseudo-zero-order kinetics and provides an approximation of the true rate when applied to a first-order or pseudo-first-order reaction. Several elegant and flexible analog and digital ratemeters have been implemented to take advantage of this method (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). THEORY For an irreversible first-order reaction…”

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confidence: 99%

Improvement of reaction rate measurement precision using the temporally optimized fixed-time ratemeter

Engh¹,

Holler²

1988

Anal. Chem.

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The domain of application of the flxed-time integrating ratemeter method is extended to ail times during first-order and pseudo-first-order reactlons. Propagation of error theory is applied to rate expressions to glve the optimum tlme for rate measurement as a function of Integration wldth. The maximum integration wldth consistent with the optimum measurement time is determined. Experimental data collected with a stopped-flow mixer uslng the iron( I I I)-thlocyanate reaction show excellent agreement with theory. The relative standard deviation of concentration of flve determlnations of a thlocyanate unknown was 0.16% under conditions of random varlabie temperature.It has been shown previously that the precision of reaction rate measurements can be improved by selection of the optimum time at which to make these measurements (1-6). To make best use of an optimum time for measurement, a reliable method of obtaining the rate at a single time is needed. The fixed-time integrating ratemeter method (7) gives an estimate of the rate a t a time at the center of an interval over which the reaction curve can be considered to be linear. In contrast to many methods of rate estimation, this approach is highly resistant to instrumental noise. In this paper we will show that this method is valid under first-order and pseudo-firstorder conditions at any time during the reaction, that the precision of the rate obtained by this method can be temporally optimized, and that there is a maximum integration width consistent with temporal optimization. Finally, we present experimental verification of temporal optimization and signal-to-noise-ratio enhancement resulting from optimum use of the integrating ratemeter.Several strategies have been proposed to temporally optimize reaction rate measurements. Landis et al. (I) recognized that a measurement time o f t = l / k = T is optimum, where k is the first-order or pseudo-first-order rate constant for the reaction, but only used this result for error analysis. Davis and Renoe (2) developed equations to obtain optimum times for wide-interval fixed-time rate measurements. Davis and Pevnick (3) considered coupled enzyme reactions and obtained optimum times for several cases of variations in one or both of the rate constants. Most recently, Wentzell and Crouch presented a two-rate method (4) and compared the accuracy and precision of their method and several other methods under various conditions (5). In an earlier report, we used propagation of error theory to show that the relative standard deviation of the rate of a first-order reaction is zero at t = l / k = 7 and presented experimental evidence verifying this result (6). Three assumptions were made in that development: (1) the reaction of interest is first order or pseudo first order, (2) sources of error other than variation in the rate constant are negligible, and (3) the rate can be estimated by instrumental or numerical methods at any time during the reaction. To take full advantage of the simplicity of a single-rate measurement at t ...

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“…OID have found wide use in spectroscopic applications. In molecu lar spectroscopy, applications have been in absorption (40)(41)(42), fluores cence (43)(44)(45), and Raman spectroscopies (46). OID have been used in a number of fundamental kinetic studies (41,42) and as multiwavelength detectors in liquid chromatography (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49).…”

Section: Multichannel Image Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial characterization of pulsed and continuous atom sources

Huie

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Construction of a microcumputer-based reaction-rate ratemeter

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Recent advances in microprocessors for analytical chemistry

Recent advances in microprocessors for analytical chemistry

Improvement of reaction rate measurement precision using the temporally optimized fixed-time ratemeter

Spatial characterization of pulsed and continuous atom sources

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