Construction of a ‘Sequential Potential Field’ by [Cu(pc)]/[Zn(pc)] double-layered Thin Film: Application to Electrochromic and Electroluminescent Devices

Abstract

<jats:p> ‘Sequential potential field’ is a concept to produce a potential cascade by the organization of redox components, and to aim for an effective and vectorial electron and/or hole transfer. Construction of the sequential potential field is examined by double-layered thin film composed of two kinds of metallophthalocyanine having different oxidation potentials, i.e. copper phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine. In the electrochromic device of double-layered metallophthalocyanine thin films, hole transfer can be controlled by the order of deposition, which suggests that the present system is suitable for the construction of a sequential potential field. Double-layered metallophthalocyanine thin films were also used as a hole transfer layer in all-solid organic electroluminescent devices. In the case of an indium-tin oxide/copper phthalocyanine/zinc phthalocyanine/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum/ Mg - Ag device for electroluminescence, a high brightness of more than 4000 cd m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> can be achieved. This double-layered hole transfer system is more effective than the corresponding single hole transfer system, which is due to the construction of a sequential potential field in the hole transfer layer. </jats:p>

Gas sensing and electrochemical properties of tetra and octa 2H-chromen-2-one substituted iron(ii) phthalocyanines

“…13 A considerably high chemical inertness and thermal stability of FePc and other transition MPc complexes led the researchers to explore the technological utility of metallo Pcs as display devices, data storage, chemical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, 14 solar cells, organic light emitting devices, photovoltaic cells, semiconductive materials and in photodynamic therapy. 6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] On the other hand, coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) derivatives are a group of natural compounds found in a variety of plant sources. 22 Many natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives are widely used as laser dyes, 23 chemosensors for metal detection, pH sensors, liquid crystals and organic non-linear optical materials, due to their high emission yield, excellent photostability and extended spectral range.…”

Crystal-to-crystal transformation in solid-state electrochemical doping of Cl− ions to the nanoporous neutral radical lithium phthalocyanine: revelation of electron–electron correlations in the 1D half-filled system

“…The most significant advantage of this electrochemical doping is the precise and reversible control of the dopant concentration under electrochemical equilibrium, which is tuned by the potential of the working electrode. While this doping technique has been extensively applied to semiconductive organic polymers such as polyacetylene, 1 polythiophene, 2 and polyaniline 3 in order to control their conductivity, color, etc., the application to the solids of small molecules has been limited [4][5][6][7] because these materials are much more soluble in electrolyte solutions than organic polymers, especially after electrochemical oxidation/reduction. Limited examples include macrocycles such as phthalocyanines (abbreviated as Pc) because they form robust thin films against redox cycles due to their strong intermolecular interactions.…”

Absorbtion Spectroscopy, Molecular Dynamics Calculations, and Multivariate Curve Resolution on the Phthalocyanine Aggregation

“…[1][2][3][4] They have potential applications in many areas such as in printing inks, catalysis, display devices, data storage, chemical sensors, solar cells, photodynamic cancer therapy, organic light emitting devices and photonic devices. 5,6 Metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes tend to aggregate in solution [7][8][9] and aggregation diminishes the photosensitising ability of MPc complexes.…”