Construction of an inverted-capacitive deionization system utilizing pseudocapacitive materials

Tu, Yi-Heng; Liu, Ching-Fang; Wang, Jeng-An; Hu, Chi‐Chang

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106486

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…14,17 Under an applied cell voltage of 1.4 V, the salt removal capacity of 10%Ppy/AC-MnO 2 cells was up to 52.94 mg g −1 for the total mass of active materials and 34.15 mg g −1 for the total mass of electrodes, much higher than those of AC-AC (14.03 mg g −1 for the total mass of active materials and 9.05 mg g −1 for the total mass of electrodes) and AC-MnO 2 cells (24.87 mg g −1 for the total mass of active materials and 16.05 mg g −1 for the total mass of electrodes). The salt removal capacity of 34.15 mg g −1 was also 24% higher than that of a previous MnO 2 -Ppy coated AC CDI cell (27.6 mg g −1 ) based on the total mass of electrodes, 45 possibly attributed to the different synthesis methods of MnO 2 and Ppy/AC 41 or the different operation conditions (e.g., applied voltages, feed solution concentrations, and charging times).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO₂ Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Tan

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technique for brackish water desalination. Here, composites of polypyrrole grafted activated carbon (Ppy/AC) were prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole on AC particles. The Ppy/AC cathode was then coupled with a MnO 2 anode for desalination in a membrane-free CDI cell. Both the Ppy/AC and MnO 2 electrodes exhibited pseudocapacitive behaviors, which can selectively and reversibly intercalate Cl − (Ppy/AC) and Na + (MnO 2 ) ions. Compared to AC electrodes, the specific capacitances of Ppy/AC electrodes increased concurrently with the pyrrole ratios from 0 to 10%, while the charge transfer and ionic diffusion resistances decreased. As a result, the 10%Ppy/AC-MnO 2 cell showed a maximum salt removal capacity of 52.93 mg g −1 (total mass of active materials) and 34.15 mg g −1 (total mass of electrodes), which was higher than those of conventional, membrane, and hybrid CDI cells. More notably, the salt removal rate of the 10%Ppy/AC-MnO 2 cell (max 0.46 mg g −1 s −1 to the total mass of active materials and 0.30 mg g −1 s −1 to the total mass of electrodes) was nearly 1 order of magnitude higher than those in most previous CDI studies, and this fast and efficient desalination performance was stabilized over 50 cycles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO₂ Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Tan

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Liu, Zhang, Xu, and Wang (2020) used polyoxometalate based binder free electrode with specific capacitance 352 F/g and SAC 23.1 mg/g. Tu et al (2019) and Nie et al (2020) synthesized polyaniline doped activated carbon as one of the electrodes in HCDI showing SAC of 27.6 mg/g for former and 30.5 mg/g for latter. The polymeric material exhibited high surface area and suitable transportation channel.…”

Section: Materials Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SAC of 10.3 mg/g in 500 mg/L NaCl solution and maintained 85.6% of the initial value after 100 adsorption desorption cycles. Further, Tu et al (2019) fabricated i‐CDI MnO 2 //polypyrrole‐coated activated carbon (MnO 2 //PPy@AC) exhibiting SAC of 27.6 mg/g and retained 100% of initial value after 10 adsorption–desorption cycles. The electrosorption performance in i‐CDI architecture depends on the application of electrode materials and the method of polarization of electrodes.…”

Section: Architecture Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Datar

Mane

Jha

2022

Water Environment Research

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Capacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox‐active electrolytes, or ion specific pre‐intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon‐based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization. Practitioner Points Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications. Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion‐intercalation processes. Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals. Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC. In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.

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“…(2) Long-term cell stability and remarkable adsorption capacity were achieved in an intercalation-anodeassisted I-CDI [392]. HCDI Figure 11e Capacitive cathode is replaced by cation intercalation electrode, while anode is a capacitive electrode with an AEM.…”

Section: With Intercalation Electrodes MCDI Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

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Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.

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Construction of an inverted-capacitive deionization system utilizing pseudocapacitive materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO₂ Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO₂ Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

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Construction of an inverted-capacitive deionization system utilizing pseudocapacitive materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO2 Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO2 Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

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Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO₂ Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization

Pseudocapacitive Behaviors of Polypyrrole Grafted Activated Carbon and MnO₂ Electrodes to Enable Fast and Efficient Membrane-Free Capacitive Deionization