Construction of antifouling and antibacterial polyhexamethylguanidine/chondroitin sulfate coating on polyurethane surface based on polydopamine rapid deposition

Abstract

Implanted medical devices are widely used in clinic for disease treatment, but they generally suffer from the bio‐fouling problem which leads to the reduction of service life and loss of therapeutic effects. Herein, an eco‐friendly method based on polydopamine (PDA) fast deposition is developed to construct anti‐fouling and antibacterial surface on polyurethane (PU). The self‐adhesive layer of PDA contributes to the formation of a platform with active sites for further antibacterial and hydrophilic modification. Polyhexamethylguanidine (PHMG) as antibacterial ingredient and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as hydrophilic component covalently bind on PDA platform, which successively helps to form PU‐PDA/PHMG/CS. The resultant surface demonstrates the excellent property of anti‐protein adsorption (96.8%), anti‐bacterial ability (99.9%), and cell compatibility (95.0%), which would have great potential for medical application.

Multimechanism Long-Term Antibacterial Coating with Simultaneous Antifouling, Contact-Active, and Release-Kill Properties

“…As shown in Figure and Table S2, after the modification of the PDA coating on PU, the N and O on the surface increased and the C decreased, which indicated that PDA was successfully grafted onto the surface. When PHMG was grafted onto the PDA surface, the O and N contents decreased and the C content increased compared to that of the PU-PDA coating, which indicated that PHMG was successfully grafted onto the PU-PDA surface . As shown in Figure a,b, the peak of Ag 3d appears on the surface of the PU-PDA-Ag coating because of the presence of AgNPs.…”

“…As shown in Figure a, the untreated surface of PU was relatively smooth with some vein-like lines. After a layer of PDA was prepared on the surface, as shown in Figure b, the surface of PU-PDA was completely covered by PDA, and the vein-like lines disappeared . For the surface SEM of PU-PDA-Ag as shown in Figure c, a lot of silver nanoparticles that were reduced by PDA were attached to the surface.…”

“…When PHMG was grafted onto the PDA surface, the O and N contents decreased and the C content increased compared to that of the PU-PDA coating, which indicated that PHMG was successfully grafted onto the PU-PDA surface. 25 As shown in Figure 5a,b, the peak of Ag 3d appears on the surface of the PU-PDA-Ag coating because of the presence of AgNPs. This indicates that PDA reduced the silver ions in solution to AgNPs on the surface.…”

“…The peak at 3690 cm −1 produced by PU-PDA-Ag-PDA became significant again. 25 Finally, for the PU-PDA-Ag-PDA-PHMG coating, this peak at 3690 cm −1 was again significantly reduced, indicating the success of the composite coating. XPS revealed the surface chemical compositions of PU, PU-PDA, PU-PDA-Ag, PU-PDA-PHMG, PU-PDA-Ag-PDA, and PU-PDA-Ag-PDA-PHMG.…”

“…After a layer of PDA was prepared on the surface, as shown in Figure 3b, the surface of PU-PDA was completely covered by PDA, and the vein-like lines disappeared. 25 For the surface SEM of PU-PDA-Ag as shown in Figure 3c, a lot of silver nanoparticles that were reduced by PDA were attached to the surface. Based on the surface morphology of PU-PDA-PHMG, as shown in Figure 3d, it became smooth after PDA was grafted with PHMG.…”