“…Recently, many new methods of constructing OAs have been provided, and many new classes of OAs have been obtained (Chen et al, 2014; Chen & Niu, 2023; Hedayat et al, 1999; He et al, 2022; Pang & Chen, 2017; Pang, Lin, & Wang, 2018a; Pang, Wang, Lin, & Liu, 2021a; Wang et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 1999, 2016, 2017; Zhang et al, 2001). With deep research on OAs, they are applied to coding theory (Bierbrauer, 2005; Byrne & Sney, 2016), communication (Gao et al, 2017), cryptography (Carlet et al, 2023; Pang, Wang, et al, 2018b), quantum information (Goyeneche et al, 2016; Lin & Jimbo, 2014; Pang, Zhang, Du, & Wang, 2021b; Pang, Zhang, Fei, & Zheng, 2021c; Pang et al, 2019).…”