Construction of Charring-Functional Polyheptanazine towards Improvements in Flame Retardants of Polyurethane

Lu, Shaolin; Shen, Botao; Chen, Xudong

doi:10.3390/molecules26020340

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…This poses a serious limitation on the application of TPU [7][8][9]. Inorganic flame retardants are commonly utilized in polymer for their non-flammable nature and high specific heat capacity, but their compatibility with TPU materials is lacking, necessitating the addition of large quantities, ultimately leading to a reduction in the mechanical properties of the polymer [10,11]. Halogen flame retardants offer excellent flame-retardant properties for TPU materials with minimal addition amounts, high compatibility, and no reduction in material mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Flame-Retardant Properties of Cobalt-Coordinated Cyclic Phosphonitrile in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Zeng,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants have promising application prospects due to their excellent safety and environmental protection properties. A cobalt-coordinated cyclic phosphonitrile flame retardant (Co@CPA) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method using hexachlorocyclotriphosphonitrile (HCCP), 5-amino-tetrazolium (5-AT), and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2∙6H2O) as starting materials. The structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were prepared by incorporating 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphame-10-oxide (ODOPB), Co@CPA, and silicon dioxide (SiO2) via melt blending. The flame-retardant performance and thermal stability of the TPU composites were evaluated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94), TG, and cone calorimetric (CCT) tests. SEM and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface morphology and structure of the residual carbon. A synergistic flame-retardant effect of ODOPB and Co@CPA was observed, with the most effective flame retardancy achieved at a TPU:ODOPB:Co@CPA:SiO2 ratio of 75:16:8:1. This composition exhibited an LOI value of 26.5% and achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Furthermore, compared to pure TPU, the composite showed reductions in total heat release, CO production, and CO2 production by 6.6%, 39.4%, and 48.9%, respectively. Our research findings suggest that Co@CPA demonstrates outstanding performance, with potential for further expansion in application areas. Different metal-based cyclic phosphonitrile compounds are significant in enriching phosphorus-based fine chemicals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Flame-Retardant Properties of Cobalt-Coordinated Cyclic Phosphonitrile in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Zeng,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…Various of ame retardants including phosphorus-based ame retardants [4][5][6][7][8][9], nitrogen-based ame retardants [10][11][12][13][14], nano ame retardants [15][16][17] and intumescent ame retardants [18,19] have been added in TPU to improve its ame retardant properities. Among them, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in TPU has been widely researched [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire behavior and mechanical properties of phosphorus-containing silica gel coated ammonium polyphosphate as fire retardants in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)

Zheng,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2023

J Polym Res

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To enhance its properties, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was subjected to modi cation using a synthesized phosphorus-containing silica gel, resulting in MAPP. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modi ed by synthesized phosphorus-containing silica gel, resulting in MAPP, which was then used to form thermoplastic polyurethane composites. MAPP exhibited better thermal stability with a smaller dispersion size, lower initial decomposition temperature and better resistance to heat at high temperatures than APP. At the same time, MAPP showed more obvious advantages in improving the char yield, ame retardant performance and mechanical properties of TPU. TPU/5%MAPP showed a limiting oxygen index of 29.1% during burning tests, signi cantly better than TPU/5%APP (27.3%). The cone calorimeter test results also indicated that the incorporation of MAPP resulted in a signi cant reduction in key parameters such as peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release and an increase of the char yield of TPU composite. The TG result showed that the T max of the TPU/5%MAPP composite increased and the mass loss rate decreased compared with that of TPU/5%APP. Moreover, the tensile strength of the TPU/5%MAPP composite increased by 18.5% compared with the TPU/5%APP composite due to the improved dispersibility of MAPP than APP. An analysis of the re resistance mechanism showed that the improved ame retardance in the TPU/5%MAPP composite resulted from the structural changes in the char residue. This study provides an e cient and extensible approach for the synthesis of high-performance ame retardant TPU materials. Highlight 1. MAPP was prepared by modifying APP with phosphorus-containing silica gel.2. MAPP has good compatibility with TPU and can be uniformly dispersed in TPU.3. MAPP endows TPU with excellent ame retardancy and mechanical property. 4. Compared with TPU, the pk-HRR and TSR of TPU/5%MAPP decreased by 68.6% and 43.8%. 5. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of TPU/5%MAPP is 32 MPa and 618%.

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Phosphorus‐Based Polymeric Flame Retardants – Recent Advances and Perspectives

Singh,

Sivaramakrishna

2024

ChemistrySelect

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Among the various fire‐retardants (FRs) known, phosphorus is vital to the development of effective FRs due to its flexibility. Additionally, the additives and combinations of phosphorus with various multicomponent moieties (e. g. P−Si, P−P, P−B, etc.) can serve the purpose in different phases to improve flame retardance properties. With an increased cognizance of recyclable, eco‐friendly, and bio‐based materials, phosphine oxide‐based materials/coatings can fulfill the criteria for flawless and future FRs. In this regard, the present review highlights the most promising organophosphorus‐based compositions as non‐intrusive FRs. The classification, synthetic methods, related mechanisms, and high‐end FR applications of various recently developed organophosphorus‐based molecules and materials are demonstrated. Among various organophosphorus compounds, the phosphorus‐based polyurethane materials display remarkable FR properties and non‐toxic behavior. Notably, the flame retardance of the epoxy resins is enhanced significantly with the presence of more P=O bonds and amino groups. The limitations and advantages of organophosphorus‐based materials are compared with the traditional FRs. Also, the challenges persisting in improving current flame‐retardant materials need to be addressed. However, the success of these materials and treatment methods strongly depends on the ability to impart desired functionality, durability, and scalability without compromising environmental problems.

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Construction of Charring-Functional Polyheptanazine towards Improvements in Flame Retardants of Polyurethane

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Characterization and Flame-Retardant Properties of Cobalt-Coordinated Cyclic Phosphonitrile in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Characterization and Flame-Retardant Properties of Cobalt-Coordinated Cyclic Phosphonitrile in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Fire behavior and mechanical properties of phosphorus-containing silica gel coated ammonium polyphosphate as fire retardants in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)

Phosphorus‐Based Polymeric Flame Retardants – Recent Advances and Perspectives

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