“…Artificial photosynthesis using solar-energy-driven CO 2 conversion into valuable clean fuels has been regarded as a promising pathway to simultaneously address the energy crisis and environmental problems. 1–4 Accordingly, enormous efforts have been devoted to exploring advanced photocatalytic materials for efficient CO 2 reduction, 5–9 ranging from noble metals, molecular/metal complexes, and conductive polymers, to inorganic semiconductors. 10–13 Nevertheless, CO 2 conversion still suffers from low activity, large energy consumption, and serious charge recombination owing to its complex multielectron reduction reaction kinetics.…”