Construction of competing endogenous RNA interaction network as prognostic markers in metastatic melanoma

Abstract

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, with high aggressiveness, high metastasis and extremely poor prognosis. MM accounts for 4% of skin cancers and 80% of mortality, and the median survival of patients with metastatic melanoma is only about 6 months, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. In recent years, the incidence of melanoma has gradually increased and has become one of the serious diseases that endanger human health. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is the main model of the mechanism by which long chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a regulatory role in the disease. LncRNAs can act as a “sponge”, competitively attracting small RNAs (micoRNAs; miRNAs), thus interfering with miRNA function, and affect the expression of target gene messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ultimately promoting tumorigenesis and progression. Bioinformatics analysis can identify potentially prognostic and therapeutically relevant differentially expressed genes in MM, finding lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs that are interconnected through the ceRNA network, providing further insight into gene regulation and prognosis of metastatic melanoma. Weighted co-expression networks were used to identify lncRNA and mRNA modules associated with the metastatic phenotype, as well as the co-expression genes contained in the modules. A total of 17 lncRNAs, six miRNAs, and 11 mRNAs were used to construct a ceRNA interaction network that plays a regulatory role in metastatic melanoma patients. The prognostic risk model was used as a sorter to classify the survival prognosis of melanoma patients. Four groups of ceRNA interaction triplets were finally obtained, which miR-3662 might has potential implication for the treatment of metaststic melanoma patients, and futher experiments confirmed the regulating relationship and phenotype of this assumption. This study provides new targets to regulate metastatic process, predict metastatic potential and indicates that the miR-3662 can be used in the treatment of melanoma.

Regulatory miRNAs and lncRNAs in Skin Cancer: A Narrative Review

“…More recently, He et al reported that microRNA-3662 (miR-3662) downregulates its target mRNAs and is associated with suppression of melanoma cell proliferation. LncRNAs negatively interact with miR-3662 and interfere with miR-3662 function, thus promoting proliferation [ 43 ].…”

“…Surgical excision is generally the standar treatment for low risk lesions. However, Mohs micrographic surgery is used for cSC lesions on the head, neck, and other anatomically and cosmetically sensitive areas, and has been reported to have better cure rates than a standard excision [43]. The 5-year su vival rate for SCC is 99% when detected early.…”