Construction of developmentally inspired periosteum-like tissue for bone regeneration

Abstract

The periosteum, a highly vascularized thin tissue, has excellent osteogenic and bone regenerative abilities. The generation of periosteum-mimicking tissue has become a novel strategy for bone defect repair and regeneration, especially in critical-sized bone defects caused by trauma and bone tumor resection. Here, we utilized a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded scaffold to create periosteum-like tissue (PT) in vivo, mimicking the mesenchymal condensation during native long bone development. We found that BMP-2-induced endochondral ossification plays an indispensable role in the construction of PTs. Moreover, we confirmed that BMP-2-induced PTs exhibit a similar architecture to the periosteum and harbor abundant functional periosteum-like tissue-derived cells (PTDCs), blood vessels, and osteochondral progenitor cells. Interestingly, we found that the addition of chondroitin sulfate (CS), an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), could further increase the abundance and enhance the function of recruited PTDCs from the PTs and finally increase the regenerative capacity of the PTs in autologous transplantation assays, even in old mice. This novel biomimetic strategy for generating PT through in vivo endochondral ossification deserves further clinical translation.

Self-Adhesive Hydrogel Biomimetic Periosteum to Promote Critical-Size Bone Defect Repair via Synergistic Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis

“…In addition to simulating the structure and composition of the periosteum, the biomimetic periosteum requires bioactivity that induces bone regeneration to repair bone defects. Currently, the methods of loading exogenous biological factors such as VEGF and BMP in materials were used to improve the effect of materials in cell recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation. , However, the exogenous biological factors were easily degraded and lost biological activity during material preparation and preservation. Meanwhile, attributed to their short biological half-life, the effect of exogenous biological factors relied on continuous administration, which was associated with potential biosafety issues.…”

“…Currently, the methods of loading exogenous biological factors such as VEGF and BMP in materials were used to improve the effect of materials in cell recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation. 18,46 and preservation. Meanwhile, attributed to their short biological half-life, the effect of exogenous biological factors relied on continuous administration, which was associated with potential biosafety issues.…”

Bone defect treatment: does the type and properties of the spacer affect the induction of Masquelet membrane? Evidence today

“…The success of Masquelet technique is based on creating a vascularized soft tissue envelope with similar—but not identical—properties to that of periosteum (“induced periosteum”) [ 29 , 30 ]. This membrane is not just a barrier that impedes graft resorption but a biologic chamber that secretes various growth factors critical for bone regeneration [ 31 , 32 ].…”

A Shifting Paradigm: Transformation of Cartilage to Bone during Bone Repair

“…Murine models have demonstrated that surgical-, radiation-, or genetic-induced dysfunction of the periosteum results in delayed healing or nonunion (Garcia et al 2013; Wang et al 2019; Julien et al 2020). Therefore, in addition to bone grafts, significant engineering efforts have recently been placed into developing biomimetic periosteum for bone repair and reconstruction (Yu et al 2020; Zhai et al 2021; Dai et al 2022; Zhang et al 2022). Replacement of the periosteum is not only critical for supplying the initial progenitor cells themselves but may be subsequently repopulated by the chondrocytes they give rise to (Julien et al 2020; Wong et al 2020; Long et al 2022).…”