“…Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), also called supercapacitors, a new energy storage system, have great potential as next generation energy storage systems, due to their outstanding electrochemical performance including high specic capacitance, high power density, good rate capability and excellent cycling stability. 1,2 Supercapacitors have been successfully utilized in many elds including communication, transportation, electronics, and aviation, and have considerable application prospects. 3,4 Based on different energy storage mechanisms, ECs are classied into two categories: doublelayer capacitors (DLC) and pseudocapacitors (PC).…”