“…As a consequence, we could observe a shift in the peak with additional peaks at (632, 674, 753 cm À1 ), (618, 669, 741 cm À1 ) and (615, 668, 726 cm À1 ) for the composites CoFe: WS 2 -1, CoFe: WS 2 -2, and CoFe: WS 2 -3, respectively. 46 47,48 In the case of iron, two spin-orbit doublets are representing Fe2p 3/2 , Fe2p 1/2 peaks positioned around 708.62 eV and 721.39 eV representing Fe 2+ bonded with sulfur ions, and an additional shakeup satellite peaks located at 716.06 eV, as shown in Figure 9D. Furthermore, two peaks positioned at 713.02 and 723.24 eV accords to Fe2p 3/2 and Fe2p 1/2 spin-orbit due to the presence of Fe 3+ energy state.…”