Construction of novel quantum-confined structure with lead halide/gemini surfactant hybrids

Tuning the Structures and Optical Properties of Perovskites by Varying the Alkylamine Type and Chain Length

“…Figure b presents the UV–vis absorption spectra of the C n PbI spin-coated films. All C n PbI spin-coated films generated an exciton absorption band around 500 nm, suggesting the formation of stable excitons. − However, although C 6 PbI produced an exciton absorption peak at 514 nm, the peaks of those films having longer alkyl chain lengths ( n ≥ 12) appeared in the vicinity of 490 nm.…”

“…Such 3D compounds have been widely studied as light harvesters in PSCs owing to their outstanding properties, including high extinction coefficients, moderate band gaps, small exciton binding energies, and long exciton and charge diffusion lengths. 10−12 However, 3D perovskites are unstable in the presence of moisture and thus rapidly decompose. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their stability to permit their use in commercial applications.…”

“…Typically, three-dimensional (3D) perovskites having the general formula AMX 3 (A = CH 3 NH 3 + , Cs + , CH­(NH 2 ) 2 + ; M = Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ ; X = Cl – , Br – , I – ) are composed of corner-sharing metal halide octahedra that connect in all dimensions with small cations situated in the voids of the octahedra. Such 3D compounds have been widely studied as light harvesters in PSCs owing to their outstanding properties, including high extinction coefficients, moderate band gaps, small exciton binding energies, and long exciton and charge diffusion lengths. − However, 3D perovskites are unstable in the presence of moisture and thus rapidly decompose. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their stability to permit their use in commercial applications.…”

Novel Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Compounds Having Phosphonium Groups

“…12−18 Furthermore, intermediate dimensional perovskites (2D–3D) and lower dimensional perovskites (1D, 0D) can be obtained by using various kinds of organic amines. 19−21 Nevertheless, most perovskites are fabricated from primary ammonium cations. Research of perovskite compounds with quaternary cations especially for phosphonium groups has not been progressed much.…”

“…Accordingly, excitons are confined strongly in the inorganic layers. These compounds exhibit outstanding optical properties such as strong photoluminescence (PL) and high optical nonlinearity. − Furthermore, intermediate dimensional perovskites (2D–3D) and lower dimensional perovskites (1D, 0D) can be obtained by using various kinds of organic amines. − Nevertheless, most perovskites are fabricated from primary ammonium cations. Research of perovskite compounds with quaternary cations especially for phosphonium groups has not been progressed much. , Most of the articles on quaternary ammonium or phosphonium hybrids preferentially evaluated electrical properties of these hybrids having different metals from Pb, and thus the effects of bulky ammonium or phosphonium cations on other properties are still unclear.…”