For point processes we establish a link between integration-by-parts-and splitting-formulas which can also be considered as integration-by-parts-formulas of a new type. First we characterize finite Papangelou processes in terms of their splitting kernels. The main part then consists in extending these results to the case of infinitely extended Papangelou and, in particular, Pólya and Gibbs processes. and denoted also by P ε z, . Here ε ∈ {−1, +1}. This class of processes has its origin in [26]. Finally the class of Gibbs processes G(V, ) is of fundamental importance. Such processes are, in general not uniquely, specified by some reference measure ∈ M and some abstract Boltzmann factor V (x, μ) by which one understands a non-negative, measurable function having the property V (x, ν + κ) = V (x, ν)V (x, κ), x ∈ X, ν, κ ∈ M ·· .