Construction of ternary hybrid layered reduced graphene oxide supported g-C 3 N 4 -TiO 2 nanocomposite and its photocatalytic hydrogen production activity

Hafeez, Hafeez Yusuf; Lakhera, Sandeep Kumar; Bellamkonda, Sankeerthana; Rao, G. Ranga; Shankar, M.V.; Bahnemann, Detlef W.; Neppolian, Bernaurdshaw

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.048

Cited by 152 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…In the last few years, various visible‐light‐active photocatalysts such as CdS, CoO, TaON, Ta 3 N 5 , Cu 2 O and g‐C 3 N 4 , have been reported for solar water splitting . Among these, g‐C 3 N 4 is a promising low cost, chemically stable, environmentally friendly and visible‐light‐absorbing photocatalyst for water splitting owing to its very high reduction potential and simple one‐step synthesis process . Despite these advantages, g‐C 3 N 4 has very low photocatalytic efficiency owing to its weak π–π conjugated stacked structure, which results in a high recombination rate of charged carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

et al. 2019

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Graphitic carbon nitride, a 2 D layered photocatalyst coupled with transition metal oxides often shows promising photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. However, low surface area and poor charge separation greatly hinder its photocatalytic efficiency. A Ni+x(x=2, 3)/O−g‐C3N4 photocatalyst with a very high specific surface area (199 m2 g−1) has been prepared by thermal condensation and wet‐impregnation methods. The oxygen‐functionalized and Ni+x(x=2, 3)‐coordinated g‐C3N4 produced 1664 μmol g−1 of hydrogen evolution from water under direct solar light irradiation in 4 h, which is 23 times higher than that over O−g‐C3N4. This significant enhancement results from the combined effects of large surface area, the formation of long‐life deep‐trap states, effective charge carrier separation, and extended visible light absorption. The separation and transport behavior of the charge carriers are investigated by photoluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence, photocurrent and Mott–Schottky measurements. Additionally, the interaction between Ni+x(x=2, 3) and O−g‐C3N4 is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy. The Ni+x(x=2, 3)/O−g‐C3N4 photocatalyst shows remarkable reusability over a period of two months (six cycles). This study may provide a pathway to simultaneously overcome the challenges of low surface area and poor charge separation in g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

et al. 2019

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“…In the co‐doping process with FeO, the photo‐generated electron‐hole can be easily bounded with Fe +3 ions, which delays the recombination process. The bounded electrons might be further shifted to O 2 molecules, which are adsorbed into the surface of TiO 2 to produce superoxide radicals (O 2 − ), hydroperoxy (HO 2 • ) radicals, and hydroxyl (OH • ) radicals . The cornered holes or the created hydroxyl radicals may have an oxidizing role in splitting of water from methanolic solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature treatment provides the complete degradation of organic compounds which were trapped on the surface of FeO‐TiO 2 /ACF. After completion of the temperature treatment process, the FeO‐TiO 2 /ACF surface provided free active sites again , . Even over five successive cycles of regeneration, FeO‐TiO 2 /ACF was still stable and exhibited a high hydrogen production evolution of around 99 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The improvement of visible light absorption occurs as a result of the carbonaceous surface of FeO‐TiO 2 /ACF acting as acceptor for the generated electrons of FeO‐TiO 2 , providing additional charge transfer and separation because of the highly conductive nature of ACFs surface . The better charge transfer improves the visible light‐driven hydrogen production evolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Surface of Fibrous Activated Carbon Immobilized with FeO/TiO₂ for Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen under Visible Light

et al. 2020

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FeO‐doped TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalysts were immobilized onto the surface of fibrous activated carbon (ACF) via a sol‐gel process. As an adsorbent and photocatalyst, FeO‐TiO2 on immobilized ACFs (FeO‐TiO2/ACF) greatly improved the photocatalysis rate of hydrogen production as compared with pure TiO2 and ACF‐TiO2 under UV irradiation and visible light. The addition of ACFs surface significantly reduced the photogenerated pairs of electrons‐hole recombination, thereby promoting the photocatalysis action of doped photo‐metal oxides of FeO‐TiO2. Co‐doping of FeO onto the lattice of the TiO2 approach can improve the absorption activity of visible light through photo‐metal oxide of TiO2 and further enhance hydrogen production under visible light. The photocatalytic fabrics (FeO‐TiO2/ACF) were effortlessly split out from the experimental solution for re‐utilization and exhibited high stability even after five complete regeneration cycles.

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“…GCN/TiO 2 /CNT ternary composites with different contents of CNTs ( Figure 6a,b) [62] disclose the fabrication of the GCN/TNT/CNT (TNT-TiO 2 nanotubular structure) composite. [63] The influence of variousweight ratios of GCN andT iO 2 on photocatalytic H 2 production hasb een examined in detail.T he results revealt hat the GCN-TiO 2 /rGO sample (GCN/TiO 2 weight ratio of 70:30) shows enhanced photocatalytic water splitting ability. The superiorphotocatalytic activity is caused by the uniqueT i ÀOÀCb ond, the TiÀNb ond, and the tubular structure, which improve electron transfer and the ability to absorbl ight.…”

Section: Graphitic Carbon Nitride/titanium Dioxide/ Graphene/carbon Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Titanium Dioxide Modified with 1 D and 2 D Carbon Structures for Photocatalysis

et al. 2018

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Enhancing the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C N , GCN) and titanium dioxide (TiO ) has played a key role in the energy and environmental protection research community. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the synergy of both materials with carbon nanostructures for photocatalysis. Among the variety of carbon materials, graphene flakes and nanotubes, as nanoadditives to improve electron charge transfer and the optical absorption behavior in the visible-light region, have been widely explored. Thus, flake-like (2 D) and tubular (1 D) carbon structures in composition with GCN and/or TiO are reviewed, as are their photocatalytic response. Current trends clearly indicate that this type of molecular hybrids can be efficiently exploited in this field. This Minireview covers state-of-the-art research over the period of 2015 to 2018.

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Construction of ternary hybrid layered reduced graphene oxide supported g-C 3 N 4 -TiO 2 nanocomposite and its photocatalytic hydrogen production activity

Cited by 152 publications

References 59 publications

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Advanced Surface of Fibrous Activated Carbon Immobilized with FeO/TiO₂ for Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen under Visible Light

Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Titanium Dioxide Modified with 1 D and 2 D Carbon Structures for Photocatalysis

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Construction of ternary hybrid layered reduced graphene oxide supported g-C 3 N 4 -TiO 2 nanocomposite and its photocatalytic hydrogen production activity

Cited by 152 publications

References 59 publications

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Advanced Surface of Fibrous Activated Carbon Immobilized with FeO/TiO2 for Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen under Visible Light

Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Titanium Dioxide Modified with 1 D and 2 D Carbon Structures for Photocatalysis

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Product

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Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Oxygen‐Functionalized and Ni^+x (x=2, 3)‐Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Long‐Life Deep‐Trap States and their Direct Solar‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Advanced Surface of Fibrous Activated Carbon Immobilized with FeO/TiO₂ for Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen under Visible Light