Constructional peculiarities of the human tibia defined by reference to ultrasound measurement data

Jansons, E; Tatarinov, Alexey; Dzenis, V. V.; Krēgers, A. F.

doi:10.1016/0142-9612(84)90019-x

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both the mineral-to-collagen ratio and the phosphate-to-carbonate ratio vary by <5% along the mid-shaft but decrease toward the flared extremities of the bone. The changing proportions of mineral and collagen are consistent with gravimetric, mechanical property and density variations, which have been measured in the past, 8,[10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18] but the Raman spectroscopy technique has revealed, for the first time, how complex the adaption is, with bone composition varying over a distance of millimeters.…”

Section: 6 4 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…16 Investigators have also used x-ray tomographic techniques (spatial resolution ∼30 mm) and chemical/gravimetric analysis to show gradients of decreasing bone density toward the distal end of rat femoral diaphyses. 17,18 However, it is not clear from these studies whether the variations in density and stiffness are due to architectural/microstructural differences, due to differing composition of the bone material, or due to both.…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional adaptation of long bone extremities involves the localized “tuning” of the cortical bone composition; evidence from Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In long bones, the functional adaptation of shape and structure occurs along the whole length of the organ. This study explores the hypothesis that adaptation of bone composition is also site-specific and that the mineral-to-collagen ratio of bone (and, thus, its mechanical properties) varies along the organ's length. Raman spectroscopy was used to map the chemical composition of long bones along their entire length in fine spatial resolution (1 mm), and then biochemical analysis was used to measure the mineral, collagen, water, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content where site-specific differences were seen. The results show that the mineral-to-collagen ratio of the bone material in human tibiae varies by <5% along the mid-shaft but decreases by >10% toward the flared extremities of the bone. Comparisons with long bones from other large animals (horses, sheep, and deer) gave similar results with bone material composition changing across tens of centimeters. The composition of the bone apatite also varied with the phosphate-to-carbonate ratio decreasing toward the ends of the tibia. The data highlight the complexity of adaptive changes and raise interesting questions about the biochemical control mechanisms involved. In addition to their biological interest, the data provide timely information to researchers developing Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive tool for measuring bone composition in vivo (particularly with regard to sampling and measurement protocol).

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Section: 6 4 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional adaptation of long bone extremities involves the localized “tuning” of the cortical bone composition; evidence from Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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“…Earlier, in the 1980-90s, a series of studies on bones was conducted by a Latvian group implementing "slow" type waves that they considered as an A0 Lamb or a flexural wave. The velocity was measured by point-contact transducers on short base in order to investigate in detail the long bones as non-uniform biological constructions [19][20][21]. The study has revealed that topographical distribution of the flexural velocity reflects distribution of CT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of multiple acoustic wave modes for assessment of long bones: Model study

Tatarinov

Sarvazyan

2005

Ultrasonics

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Multiple acoustic wave mode method has been proposed as a new modality in axial bone QUS. The new method is based on measurement of ultrasound velocity at different ratio of wavelength to the bone thickness, and taking into account both bulk and guided waves. It allows assessment of changes in both the material properties related to porosity and mineralization as well as the cortical thickness influenced by resorption from inner layers, which are equally important in diagnostics of osteoporosis and other bone osteopenia. Developed method was validated in model studies using a dual-frequency (100 and 500 kHz) ultrasound device. Three types of bone phantoms for long bones were developed and tested: (1) tubular specimens from polymer materials to model combined changes of material stiffness and cortical wall thickness; (2) layered specimens to model porosity in compact bone progressing from endosteum towards periosteum; (3) animal bone specimens with both cortical and trabecular components. Observed changes of the ultrasound velocity of guided waves at 100 kHz followed gradual changes in the thickness of the intact cortical layer. On the other hand, the bulk velocity at 500 kHz remained nearly constant at the different cortical layer thickness but was affected by the material stiffness. Similar trends were observed in phantoms and in fragments of animal bones.

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“…Ultrasonic transducers based on the exponential waveguides-concentrators, which were used in the early studies [27]- [31], had numerous advantages. The main advantage was that they served as a point source of acoustic waves, at the frequencies on the order of 100 kHz, providing a sufficiently high amplitude signal necessary for reliable measurement of ultrasound propagation parameters.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Measurements On the Surface Of Long Bones By mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies conducted at LITO with in-house designed ultrasonic devices and transducers, as shown in Fig. 1(a)-(c), were focused on the topography of acoustical properties of long bones [27]- [32]. Most of these studies were conducted using slow propagating guided waves at 100 kHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

Topography of acoustical properties of long bones: from biomechanical studies to bone health assessment

Tatarinov

Sarvazyan

2008

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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The article presents a retrospective view on the assessment of long bones condition using topographical patterns of the acoustic properties. The application of ultrasonic point-contact transducers with exponential waveguides on a short acoustic base for detailed measurements in human long bones by the surface transmission was initiated during the 1980s in Latvia. The guided wave velocity was mapped on the surface of the long bones and the topographical patterns reflected the biomechanical peculiarities. Axial velocity profiles obtained in vivo by measurements along the medial surface of tibia varied due to aging, hypokinesia, and physical training. The method has been advanced at Artann Laboratories (West Trenton, NJ) by the introduction of multifrequency data acquisition and axial scanning. The model studies carried out on synthetic phantoms and in bone specimens confirmed the potential to evaluate separately changes of the bone material properties and of the cortical thickness by multifrequency acoustic measurements at the 0.1 to 1 MHz band. The bone ultrasonic scanner (BUSS) is an axial mode ultrasonometer developed to depict the acoustic profile of bone that will detect the onset of bone atrophy as a spatial process. Clinical trials demonstrated a high sensitivity of BUSS to osteoporosis and the capability to assess early stage of osteopenia.

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Constructional peculiarities of the human tibia defined by reference to ultrasound measurement data

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Functional adaptation of long bone extremities involves the localized “tuning” of the cortical bone composition; evidence from Raman spectroscopy

Functional adaptation of long bone extremities involves the localized “tuning” of the cortical bone composition; evidence from Raman spectroscopy

Use of multiple acoustic wave modes for assessment of long bones: Model study

Topography of acoustical properties of long bones: from biomechanical studies to bone health assessment

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