Constructive episodic simulation of the future and the past: Distinct subsystems of a core brain network mediate imagining and remembering

Addis, Donna Rose; Pan, Ling; Vu, Mai-Anh; Laiser, Noa; Schacter, Daniel L.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.026

Cited by 508 publications

(514 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…We used an adapted version of the episodic recombination (30) and subsequent memory (31) paradigms (Fig. S1) consisting of three phases: a prescan session in which the memory details were collected, a scan session in which participants imagined future events, and a postscan cued recall test for the future event details.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we used a unique approach incorporating both experimental recombination (30) and subsequent memory (31) paradigms (Fig. S1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1). In a functional (f)MRI session, participants were presented with random recombinations of person, location, and object details extracted from their own memories, and for each, imagined a novel future event involving the three details, as per the experimental recombination paradigm (30). The amount of detail generated for each simulation was rated on a 4-point scale.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events

Martin

Schacter

Corballis

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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138

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The role of the hippocampus in imagining the future has been of considerable interest. Preferential right hippocampal engagement is observed for imagined future events relative to remembered past events, and patients with hippocampal damage are impaired when imagining detailed future events. However, some patients with hippocampal damage are not impaired at imagining, suggesting that there are conditions in which the hippocampus may not be necessary for episodic simulation. Given the known hippocampal role in memory encoding, the hippocampal activity associated with imagining may reflect the encoding of simulations rather than event construction per se. The present functional (f)MRI study investigated this possibility. Participants imagined future events in response to person, place, and object cues. A postscan cued-recall test probing memory for detail sets classified future events as either successfully encoded or not. A contrast of successfully versus unsuccessfully encoded events revealed anterior and posterior right hippocampal clusters. When imagined events were successfully encoded, both anterior and posterior hippocampus showed common functional connectivity to a network including parahippocampal gyrus, medial parietal and cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. However, when encoding was unsuccessful, only the anterior hippocampus, and not the posterior, exhibited this pattern of connectivity. These findings demonstrate that right hippocampal activity observed during future simulation may reflect the encoding of the simulations into memory. This function is not essential for constructing coherent scenarios and may explain why some patients with hippocampal damage are still able to imagine the future.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we used a unique approach incorporating both experimental recombination (30) and subsequent memory (31) paradigms (Fig. S1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events

Martin

Schacter

Corballis

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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138

132

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“…The involvement of the left ventrolateral PFC and lateral temporal regions suggest greater reliance on general semantic processing during pToM relative to AM (Martin & Chao, 2001). It is likely that imagining a novel event that has never occurred requires increased generative processing relative to retrieving a past event from memory (Addis et al, 2009). Furthermore, previous work has identified the anterior temporal cortex as a region important for representing social knowledge (for reviews, see Olson et al, 2007 andMartin, 2009).…”

Section: Differences Between Am and Ptommentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiarity modulates the functional relationship between theory of mind and autobiographical memory

Rabin

Rosenbaum

2012

NeuroImage

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Qualitative and quantitative reviews of the neuroimaging literature show that overlapping brain regions support theory of mind (ToM) and autobiographical memory (AM). This overlap has been taken to suggest that individuals draw on past personal experiences to infer others' mental states, but work with amnesic people shows that ToM does not always depend on AM. One variable that may determine the extent to which one relies on AM when inferring another's thoughts and feelings during ToM is whether that individual is personally known. To test this possibility, participants were scanned with fMRI as they remembered past experiences in response to personal photos ('AM' condition) and imagined others' experiences in response to photos of personally familiar ('pToM' condition) and unfamiliar ('ToM' condition) others. Spatiotemporal Partial Least Squares was used to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of neural activation patterns associated with AM, pToM, and ToM. We found that the brain regions supporting pToM more closely resembled those supporting AM relative to ToM involving unfamiliar others, with the greatest degree of overlap within midline regions. A complementary finding was the observation of striking differences between pToM and ToM such that midline regions associated with AM predominated during pToM, whereas more lateral regions associated with social semantic memory predominated during ToM. Overall, this study demonstrates that ToM involves a dynamic interplay between AM and social semantic memory that is biased towards AM when a personally familiar other is the subject of the mental state inference. KeywordsfMRI; self; other; partial least squares; medial prefrontal cortex; hippocampus Humans possess the remarkable ability to decipher other people's imperceptible mental states, including their thoughts, feelings, desires, and intentions. This ability, known as "theory of mind" (ToM), plays an important role in our social lives; it facilitates our capacity to communicate, cooperate, and empathize with others (Amodio & Frith, 2006). The question of how we attribute mental states to others has been a central pursuit in the field of social cognition. One possibility is that humans draw on their own past experiences to infer and simulate the mental states of other people (Buckner & Carroll, 2007;Corcoran, 2001; Gallagher & Frith, 2003). However, patient work shows that ToM does not always depend on the ability to remember past experiences via autobiographical memory (AM; Rosenbaum et al., 2007). One variable that may determine the extent to which one relies on AM to infer another's mental state is one's knowledge of that individual through shared personal experiences. The objective of the current study was to test whether different neural and cognitive mechanisms support mental state inferences of personally familiar versus unfamiliar others and how these abilities relate to AM.Recent qualitative and quantitative reviews of the neuroimaging literature show that the brain regions supporti...

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“…First, neuropsychological studies have indicated that right-sided or bilateral temporal lobe lesions lead to deficits in episodic ABMs (Kopelman and Kapur, 2001). Second, neuroimaging studies isolating memory for event-specific details have reported the involvement of a temporal region at coordinates very close to those observed in the aMCI group (Addis et al, 2009a;Henson et al, 1999;Piolino et al, 2008). In particular, using the TEMPau questionnaire, Piolino et al (2008) found a correlation between the number of Remember responses given by older adults for autobiographical events and activity in the right middle temporal gyrus.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Predictors Of the Proportion Of Internal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: What are the neural correlates?

Bastin¹,

Feyers²,

Jedidi³

et al. 2012

Human Brain Mapping

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Autobiographical memory in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is characterized by impaired retrieval of episodic memories, but relatively preserved personal semantic knowledge.This study aimed to identify (via FDG-PET) the neural substrates of impaired episodic specificity of autobiographical memories in 35 aMCI patients compared with 24 healthy elderly controls.Significant correlations between regional cerebral activity and the proportion of episodic details in autobiographical memories from two life periods were found in specific regions of an autobiographical brain network. In aMCI patients, more than in controls, specifically episodic memories from early adulthood were associated with metabolic activity in the cuneus and in parietal regions. We hypothesized that variable retrieval of episodic autobiographical memories in our aMCI patients would be related to their variable capacity to reactivate specific sensoryperceptual and contextual details of early adulthood events linked to reduced (occipito-parietal) visual imagery and less efficient (parietal) attentional processes. For recent memories (last year), a correlation emerged between the proportion of episodic details and activity in lateral temporal regions and the temporo-parietal junction. Accordingly, variable episodic memory for recent events may be related to the efficiency of controlled search through general events likely to provide cues for the retrieval of episodic details and to the ability to establish a self perspective favouring recollection.

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Constructive episodic simulation of the future and the past: Distinct subsystems of a core brain network mediate imagining and remembering

Cited by 508 publications

References 69 publications

A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events

A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events

Familiarity modulates the functional relationship between theory of mind and autobiographical memory

Episodic autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: What are the neural correlates?

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