Constructs of depression and distress in diabetes: time for an appraisal

Snoek, Frank J.; Bremmer, Marijke A.; Hermanns, Norbert

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00135-7

Cited by 367 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…They included: The Problems Areas in Diabetes (PAID) (20 items) with scores ≥ 40 representing severe diabetes-related distress (12,13), and a score ≥ 30 representing significant diabetes-related distress; The Kessler 10 (K10; 10 items) assessing psychological distress, focusing on depression and anxiety symptoms, ow levels of distress (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), moderate (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), high level (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) and very high are defined (14,15); The WHO-5 Well-being Index (5 items) assessing quality of life, with scores ≤ 13 indicative of low well-being, and scores < 8 indicative of depression (16,17) (22), (23) were compared to USA normative data (non-diabetic), and 4 items assessed financial concerns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial screening and management of young people aged 18–25 years with diabetes

D'Emden

McDermott

D'Silva

et al. 2017

Internal Medicine Journal

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial screening and management of young people aged 18–25 years with diabetes

D'Emden

McDermott

D'Silva

et al. 2017

Internal Medicine Journal

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“…Similarly, measures assessing other constructs (e.g. the ATT-39, which assesses diabetes attitudes and beliefs) have been reported as measures of DD (Esbitt, Tanenbaum, & Gonzalez, 2013;Snoek, Bremmer, & Hermanns, 2015). Beyond operationalizing DD with the PAID or the DDS, a common understanding of how to conceptualize DD and differentiate it from other commonly assessed constructs has not yet emerged in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews have disentangled the conceptualization and measurement of other diabetesspecific PROMs (Garratt, Schmidt, & Fitzpatrick, 2002;Polonsky, 2000;Speight, Reaney, & Barnard, 2009). Recently, researchers have also sought to clarify the conceptual distinction between DD and depression (Fisher, Gonzalez, et al, 2014;Fisher et al, 2010;Fisher et al, 2007;Snoek et al, 2015). To date there has been no attempt to derive a conceptual model of DD, identify and distinguish measures of DD from the vast array of other diabetes-specific PROMs, and explore their validity for this purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is diabetes distress and how can we measure it? A narrative review and conceptual model

Dennick

Sturt

Speight

2017

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

134

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BackgroundDiabetes distress is the negative emotional impact of living with diabetes. It has tangible clinical importance, being associated with sub-optimal self-care and glycemic control. Diabetes distress has been operationalized in various ways and several measures exist. Measurement clarity is needed for both scientific and clinical reasons. ObjectivesTo clarify the conceptualization and operationalization of diabetes distress, identify and distinguish relevant measures, and evaluate their appropriateness for this purpose. ResultsThree measure were identified: Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS); Type I Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS), Diabetes-specific Quality of Life Scale-Revised (DSQoLs-R) 'Burden and Restrictions -Daily Hassles' sub-scale, Well-being Questionnaire 28 (W-BQ 28) 'Diabetes Well-being' sub-scale, and Illness Perceptions Questionnaire -Revised (IPQ-R) 'Emotional Representations' sub-scale. Across these measures a broad spectrum of diabetes distress is captured, including distress associated with treatment regimen, food/eating, future/complications, hypoglycemia, social/interpersonal relationships, and healthcare professionals. No single measure appears fully comprehensive. Limited detail is reported of the qualitative work informing scale design, raising concerns about content validity. ConclusionsAcross the available measures diabetes distress is seemingly comprehensively assessed and measures should be considered in terms of their focus and scope to ensure the foci of interventions are appropriately targeted.

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“…Measures of diabetes distress, such as the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale [17], show moderate-to-strong correlations with self-report measures of depressive symptoms. However, a large part of the variance in such scales is not explained by depressive symptoms [18]. For example, a longitudinal study of 1567 individuals with diabetes found that 55% of those with diabetes distress did not have likely depression [19], while a factor analysis study reported that depression and distress symptoms could be segregated into two independent factors [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with glycaemic control and diabetes complications over 2 years in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2017

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Aims/hypothesis We examined the associations between depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with glycaemic control and diabetes complications over 2 years, after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Methods In a multi-ethnic, primary care cohort (n = 1735) of adults, all with recent (<6 months) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, we measured the associations between depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score ≥10) and diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID] score ≥40), with change in 2 year HbA 1c as the primary outcome and with incident rates of diabetes complications as secondary outcomes. Multivariate models were used to account for potential confounders. Results Of the 1651 participants (95.2%) of the total primary care cohort with available baseline PHQ-9 and PAID scores, mean ± SD age was 56.2 ± 11.1 years, 55.1% were men and 49.1% were of non-white ethnicity; 232 (14.1%) and 111 (6.7%) had depressive symptoms and diabetes distress, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, depressive symptoms were not associated with worsening HbA 1c . After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, vascular risk factors and diabetes treatments, depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of incident macrovascular complications (OR 2.78 [95% CI 1.19,6.49], p = 0.018) but not microvascular complications. This was attenuated (p = 0.09) after adjustment for IL-1 receptor antagonist concentration. Diabetes distress was not associated with worsening HbA 1c or incident complications. Conclusions/interpretation In the first 2 years of type 2 diabetes, the effect of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress on glycaemic control is minimal. There was, however, an association between depressive symptoms and incidence of macrovascular complications. Elevated innate inflammation may be common to both depression and macrovascular diabetes complications, but these findings require replication.

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Constructs of depression and distress in diabetes: time for an appraisal

Cited by 367 publications

References 92 publications

Psychosocial screening and management of young people aged 18–25 years with diabetes

Psychosocial screening and management of young people aged 18–25 years with diabetes

What is diabetes distress and how can we measure it? A narrative review and conceptual model

The association of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with glycaemic control and diabetes complications over 2 years in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

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