SummaryMicronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals, is a major public health problem that affects about 2 billion people worldwide. In order to reduce the burden of this 'hidden hunger', biofortification is more and more advocated as an alternative to the current micronutrient interventions. Through the enhancement of the micronutrient level of staple crops, it could address micronutrient malnutrition where the need is highest. Because staple crops are characterized by low micronutrient concentrations, genetic breeding techniques are often applied to increase specific vitamin levels, such as folate and pro-vitamin A. This study sheds a light on the global status of micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification and GM biofortified rice as both a GM food product with health benefits and a micronutrient intervention. Thereby, key consumer preference studies and cost-effectiveness analyses on Folate Biofortified Rice and Golden Rice are presented. Support is found for GM biofortified rice as a well-accepted GM food crop and a highly cost-effective health intervention.