“…Signaling theory (Boulding & Kirmani, 1993;Kirmani & Rao, 2000) suggests that consumers perceive both PMG and EDLP pricing policies as signals of sellers' ability to offer low prices. This is because market and consumer-level disciplinary mechanisms (e.g., consumer search, negative word of mouth and failure to repurchase) increase the costs of false signals; only low cost sellers who have the ability to offer low prices can afford to offer them (e.g., Biswas, Pullig, Yagci, & Dean, 2002;Jain & Srivastava, 2000;Kukar-Kinney & Walters, 2003). Consistent with this rationale, researchers have shown that EDLP policies lower a variety of operating costs (Hoch et al, 1994) and advertising expenses (Lattin & Ortmeyer, 1991).…”