“…Familiar activities spurred by crossborder differentness include shopping, gambling and prostitution, but also healthcare services (Timothy, 2001). In this sense, what is different on the other side attracts tourists because of product differences, lower prices, other services or the fact of products or services being better or non-existent (or limited) (Timothy, 2001;Van der Velde & Spierings, 2010;Wie R ckowski, 2010). The most popular ways of capitalizing on such differences include through shopping tourism (Di Matteo & Di Matteo, 1996, Leimgruber, 2005Szytniewski et al, 2017;Timothy & Butler, 1995;Van der Velde & Spierings, 2010), which also entails the purchase of alcohol, tobacco and gasoline (Rietveld et al, 2001;Banfi et al, 2005).…”