“…Gauging the infl uence of reference groups, Peter and Olson (2005) identifi ed two reference groups that contribute to the infl uence of the subjective norm: (1) normative groups, such as parents and peers (Fitzgerald & Arndt, 2002), and (2) comparative ones, such as idols (Childers & Rao, 1992). The theory of reasoned action (TRA) model (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), as well as its extension in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model (Ajzen, 1991), and the TAM2 model (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000) provide the rationale for linking the subjective norm to behaviour towards mobile advertising.…”