Consumers' willingness to pay for nutritional claims fighting the obesity epidemic: the case of reduced-fat and low salt cheese in Spain

A systematic review, and meta-analyses, of the impact of health-related claims on dietary choices

“…Conducted in a laboratory.210 consumers.One-sample T-tests: (proportion chosen carrying claim vs overall proportion not carrying claims). De Marchi (2016) [45]USA.Repeated measures: price (4 levels) x calories (3 levels) x health claim (with/without) x organic claim (with/without) x carbon trust logo (with/without). Online choice experiment.173 primary food shoppers and consumers of yogurt.Random parameter logit with an error component model. De-Magistris (2016) [36]Spain.Repeated measures: price (4 levels) x nutrient claim (absent, reduced fat claim, low salt claim). Setting unclear, conducted in-person, participants seated individually.217 primary food shoppers.Random Parameters Logit (RPL) model. Fernández-Polanco (2013) [37]Spain.Repeated measures: price (4 levels) x origin (2 levels) x harvest method (2 levels) x sustainability (2 levels) x health claim (2 levels) x safety (2 levels).169 participants.Heteroscedastic logit model. Gracia (2009) [38]Spain.Repeated measures: price (2 levels) x brand (2 levels) x nutritional information panel (2 levels x claim (2 levels).400 food shoppers.Logit model. Krystallis (2012) [42]Greece.Repeated measures: product type (2 levels) x claims (5 levels) x flavour (2 levels) x price (3 levels).140 participants.Heteroscedastic extreme value (HEV) model. Van Wezemael (2014) [54]Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the UK.Mixed design: between groups (nutrition or health & nutrition claim exposure), within group (claim, no claim) x price (4 levels).…”

“…European studies were the most common studies with four studies from Spain [30, 36–38], three from Germany [28, 29, 40], two from the Netherlands [31, 53], and single studies from Denmark [51], Greece [42], Italy [33], and the UK [34]. There were two studies that used multiple countries; Contini et al (2015) [35] compared consumer behaviour of participants in Denmark and Italy, and Van Wezemael et al (2014) [54] investigated consumer preferences in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the UK.…”

“…The most common study type was choice experiments ( n  = 15 [27–30, 33, 35–38, 42, 44, 45, 47–49, 54]), of these ten studies included conjoint analyses that were relevant to the review [27, 30, 33, 35, 36, 44, 45, 47–49]. There were nine experiments that involved participants rating, on a Likert scale, their intention to purchase or consume products [25, 26, 34, 41, 43, 46, 50–52], and six experiments that involved measuring how much participants consumed under different claim conditions [14, 31, 32, 40, 52, 53].…”

“…There were eight studies that examined nutrition claims [14, 32, 36–39, 42, 47], 12 studies that examined health claims [27, 35, 40, 41, 43–45, 48–50, 52, 53], and 11 studies examined both health and nutrition claims [25, 26, 28–31, 33, 34, 46, 51, 54]. There was one study that measured the effects of health-related claims on ‘Fruits and Vegetables’ [48] whereas there were nine studies that examined ‘Foods High in Fat and/or Sugar’ [26, 31, 33, 35, 38–40, 42, 53], five studies examined ‘Beans, Pulses, Fish, Eggs, Meat and other Proteins’ [37, 44, 47, 50, 54], three studies on ‘Potatoes, Bread, Rice, Pasta and Other Starchy Carbohydrates’ [34, 46, 52], four studies on ‘Dairy and Alternatives’ [27, 36, 45, 51], and two studied ready meals [32, 41].…”

Valuation of nutritional and health claims for yoghurts in Spain: A hedonic price approach

“…More specifically, a study of Van Wezemael et al (2014) investigates consumer preferences for nutritional and health claims (NHCs) on lean beef steak in four EU countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands and United Kingdom) found that in Belgium, the Netherlands and France, NHCs on saturated fat yielded higher utilities than claims on protein and/or iron, while the opposite was found among consumers in the UK. On the other hand, studies conducted in different countries covering a broad range of issues including consumers' attitudes and perceptions (Urala & Lahteenmaki, 2007;Masson et al, 2016), preferences (Betchtold & Abdulai, 2014;Annunziata & Vecchio, 2016) and WTP for functional food products with NHCs (Hellyer et al, 2012;Hirogaki, 2013;Cavaliere et al, 2015;de-Magistris & Lopez-Galan, 2016;Jurado & Gracia, 2017;LopezGalan & de-Magistris, 2017) found that healthconscious consumers have positive perception and are willing to pay premium prices for food products with NHCs. Others indicate that healthier perceptions and acceptance of functional foods with NHCs depend on the ingredients and their combination within the product.…”