Consumption Frequency of Fruit Juices and Sweetened Beverages: Differences Related to Age, Gender and the Prevalence of Overweight among Polish Adolescents

Abstract

in children's and adolescent's diets and was related to a lower intake of calcium, riboflavin, vitamin A, folate and vitamin C [Harnack et al., 1999].The sugars contained in fruit juices and sweetened beverages are easily digestible carbohydrates which "raise blood glucose and insulin concentrations rapidly and dramatically" [Malik et al., 2010]. Insulin insensitivity is associated with the loss of hormonal satiety signals [Bray et al., 2004;Bocarsly et al., 2010]. However, there is a difference in insulin response depending on the kind of added sugar to food. The digestion, absorption, and metabolism of fructose differ from those of glucose [Bray et al., 2004]. Results from both short-term and long-term studies show that fructose consumption results in decreased circulating levels of insulin and leptin when compared with glucose [Stanhope & Havel, 2008]. Insulin and leptin act as key signals in the long-term regulation of energy balance, trough inter alia regulation of food consumption [Bray et al., 2004;Stanhope & Havel, 2008]. Long-term consumption of high fructose-diet can lead to an increasing energy intake and decreasing energy expenditure, consequently contributing to overweight and obesity [Bray et al., 2004;Stanhope & Havel, 2008]. Fructose and glucose differently affect also lipids homeostasis. Hepatic metabolism of fructose favors de novo lipogenesis [Bray et al., 2004]. High consumption of fructose increases postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations, plasma apoB-concentrations and cholesterol LDL [Stanhope & Havel, 2008]. In long-term The aim of the study was to analyse the differences in the consumption frequency of fruit juices and sweetened beverages according to gender, age and the prevalence of overweight. The study involved 1,700 adolescents aged 13-19 from north-eastern Poland. The frequencies of juices and beverages consumption are presented in 5 categories: from less than once a week to daily. On the basis of measurements of body weight and height the relative body mass (rBMI) is calculated, using standardization by Cole. The study showed that 77.8% of the sample had normal weight and 16.9% were overweight. Girls more often consumed fruit juices than boys and sweetened beverages less often. Girls with age drank less frequently fruit juices and sweetened beverages. Among boys, only the frequency of fruit juice consumption decreased with age. Daily consumption of sweetened beverages among young people increased the risk of being overweight by more than 60% compared to young people consuming them once a week. The frequency of consumption of fruit juices and sweetened beverages was more strongly related to age and sex than to body mass. The prevalence of overweight among adolescents was associated with the frequency of sweetened beverage consumption, but not with the frequency of fruit juice consumption.

Dietary patterns of primary school pupils according to their sex

“…In our study, salty snacks and sweetened carbonated drinks were consumed more frequently by boys. Similar results, indicating higher intake of these products among boys, were also demonstrated by Vanderlee et al and Wuenstel et al [26,27].…”

Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study

“…For example, everyday consumption of fruit juice was observed in 28% and SBB in 17% of young people in Poland. 24 Furthermore, because the data for the present study were collected in 2002–2004, consumption habits may have subsequently changed. Nevertheless, more recent surveys also suggest a relatively low intake of sugary drinks in Russia 25 .…”

Fibre-Related Dietary Patterns: Socioeconomic Barriers to Adequate Fibre Intake in Polish Adolescents. A Short Report

“…This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010–2011 and was a part of a larger study concerning socioeconomic status, food consumption, and body weight [ 14 , 15 ]. Briefly, the present study involved 1176 adolescents, including 551 boys (46.9%) and 625 girls (53.1%), aged 13–18 years ( Figure S1 ).…”