Consumption of artificial sweetened beverages associated with adiposity and increasing HbA1c in Hispanic youth

Abstract

SummaryResearch examining the impact of artificial sweetened beverages (ASBs) on obesity and metabolic diseases in adolescents is limited. The overall goal is to examine the longitudinal effects of ASBs on changes in adiposity and metabolic parameters in Hispanic adolescents. Longitudinal cohort with 98 Hispanics (12–18 years) who were overweight or had obesity with the following data at baseline and 1‐year later: anthropometrics, diet (24‐h recalls), body composition (DXA), glucose and insulin dynamics (oral glucose tolerance and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and fasting lipids. Repeated measures analyses of covariance assessed changes over time between control (no ASBs at either visit), ASB initiators (no ASBs at baseline/ASBs at 1‐year) and chronic ASB consumers (ASBs at both visits). ASB initiators (n = 14) and chronic ASB consumers (n = 9) compared to control (n = 75) had higher total body fat at baseline and 1‐year (P = 0.05 for group effect). Chronic ASB consumers had a 6% increase in haemoglobin A1c, 34% increase in energy intake (kcal d−1) and 39% increase in carbohydrate intake (g d−1) over time, while control and ASB initiators maintained (P < 0.05 for group‐by‐time interactions). These results do not support promoting ASBs as a strategy for adiposity loss or to improve metabolic health.

Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial

“…We also found a statistically significant increase in HbA1c after consumption for 10 weeks of 96 mg sucralose. Davis et al also reported an increase in HbA1c in Hispanic young individuals with overweight or obesity who were frequent consumers of beverages with NNS at least for 1 year [28]. This effect could also depend on the diet content, for instance, sucralose consumption (≥5 days) in combination with an imbalanced diet has been shown to trigger a neuronal response which stimulates food intake in a fruit fly model [29]; nevertheless, in the present study no significant differences were found in the intake of macronutrients in any of the groups before and after the intervention for 10 weeks.…”

Beverage Consumption and Growth, Size, Body Composition, and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

“…33,116 One study with an analytic sample size less than 100 participants found no association between diet soda intake from 3-5 years of age with waist circumference at 5-6 years of age, 33 and one study with a sample size less than 1000 found no association with changes in percent body fat in adolscents. 116 Davis et al 143 found a significant association between LNCSB intake and increased total body fat levels in Hispanic adolescents with overweight or obesity, but no significant association with trunk fat or body fat percentage. Hasnain et al 27 found that greater unsweetened/diet beverage intake at 3-5 years of age was associated with greater cumulative sum of skinfolds at 15-17 years of age; however, they did not report effect magnitude and did not find a significant association with body fat percentage.…”

“… 37 studies identified through literature search from January 2000 to June 2019 were included in this systematic review, which examined the relationship between low and nocalorie sweetened beverages (LNCSB) and outcomes related to growth, size, body composition, and risk of overweight and obesity. 1,2,7,9,11,15,22,26,27,33,[41][42][43]46,55,62,68,103,104,106,116,118,119,127,131,137,[142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] o Of the 17 papers in children, all were prospective cohort studies. o Of the 20 papers in adults, 6 were from RCTs and 14 were from prospective cohort studies.…”

“…The majority of the studies were from the United States; however, several other high or very high HDI countries were represented: Australia, Denmark, and the UK. Based on data from studies that reported race/ethnicity, most participants were primarily white; however, one study was done in Hispanics adolescents, 143 and three studies had other racial representation. 26,55,146 Analytic sample sizes ranged from 49 to 11,654.…”

“…Three studies reported no significant association between LNCSB intake and BMI z-scores, and all had analytic sample sizes under 200 participants. 11,33,143 Two studies found a positive association between LNCSB intake and BMI z-scores; however, one study looked at the substitution of SSB with LNCSB 62 and another study looked at water and other sugar-free beverages as a combined exposure. 41 One study found that LNCSB consumption at 8 years of age was significantly associated with decreases in BMI zscores at 11.5 years of age, when total energy intake was both adjusted and unadjusted for in the model.…”