Consumption of diets high in prebiotic fiber or protein during growth influences the response to a high fat and sucrose diet in adulthood in rats

Abstract

BackgroundEarly dietary exposure can influence susceptibility to obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. We examined the lasting effects of a high protein or high prebiotic fiber weaning diet when followed by a high energy diet in adulthood.MethodsAt birth, litters of Wistar rats were culled to 10 pups. At 21 d pups were weaned onto control (C), high prebiotic fiber (HF) or high protein (HP) diet. Rats consumed the experimental diets until 14 wk when they were switched to a high fat/sucrose (HFHS) diet for 6 wk. Body composition and energy intake were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed. Blood was analyzed for satiety hormones and tissues collected for real-time PCR.ResultsWeight gain was attenuated in male rats fed HF from 12 wk until study completion. In females there were early reductions in body weight that moderated until the final two wk of HFHS diet wherein HF females weighed less than HP. Final body weight was significantly higher following the high fat challenge in male and female rats that consumed HP diet from weaning compared to HF. Lean mass was higher and fat mass lower with HF compared to HP and compared to C in males. Energy intake was highest in HP rats, particularly at the start of HFHS feeding. Plasma glucose was higher in HP rats compared to HF during an OGTT. Plasma amylin was higher in HF females compared to C and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was higher in HF rats during the OGTT. Leptin was higher in HP rats during the OGTT. HF upregulated GLUT 5 mRNA expression in the intestine and downregulated hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Male rats fed HP had higher hepatic triglyceride content than C or HF.ConclusionThese data suggest that while a long-term diet high in protein predisposes to an obese phenotype when rats are given a high energy diet in adulthood, consumption of a high fiber diet during growth may provide some protection.

Evaluation of Prebiotic Effects of High-Purity Galactooligosaccharides in vitro and in vivo

“…The ability of prebiotic fi bre to increase the proglucagon mRNA levels and GLP-1 secretion is well supported (34,35). Increased proglucagon expression typically takes place when caecal mass is increased due to the markedly increased bacterial fermentation that occurs with the consumption of prebiotics (34,35). It is interesting to note that the fi bre-containing prebiotic diet appears to have acute and lasting eff ects on the ability of L cells to produce and secrete GLP-1 and PYY.…”

“…GLP-1 and PYY, which are released from intestinal L cells, modulate appetite and thus reduce food intake (33). The ability of prebiotic fi bre to increase the proglucagon mRNA levels and GLP-1 secretion is well supported (34,35). Increased proglucagon expression typically takes place when caecal mass is increased due to the markedly increased bacterial fermentation that occurs with the consumption of prebiotics (34,35).…”

Impact of perinatal prebiotic consumption on gestating mice and their offspring: a preliminary report

“…In a rat pup model, Maurer et al (14) did not observe any difference in body-weight gain between the offspring of dams fed either a high-fibre diet, a high-protein diet or a control diet. The difference in prebiotic composition could contribute to this discrepancy.…”

“…The difference in prebiotic composition could contribute to this discrepancy. In our case, we used a mix of GOS -inulin with a 9:1 (w/w) ratio, whereas Maurer et al (14) used a mix of oligofructose -inulin with a 1:1 (w/w) ratio.…”

Nutritional Programming of Probiotics to Promote Health and Well-Being

“…Some beneficial effects of fructans on BMI, fat mass and insulin resistance were also shown in the limited human trials conducted so far [95][96][97][98].…”