Consumption of Grape Seed Extract Prevents Amyloid-β Deposition and Attenuates Inflammation in Brain of an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse

Abstract

Polyphenols extracted from grape seeds are able to inhibit amyloid-beta (Abeta) aggregation, reduce Abeta production and protect against Abeta neurotoxicity in vitro. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of a polyphenol-rich grape seed extract (GSE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. APP(Swe)/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were fed with normal AIN-93G diet (control diet), AIN-93G diet with 0.07% curcumin or diet with 2% GSE beginning at 3 months of age for 9 months. Total phenolic content of GSE was 592.5 mg/g dry weight, including gallic acid (49 mg/g), catechin (41 mg/g), epicatechin (66 mg/g) and proanthocyanidins (436.6 mg catechin equivalents/g). Long-term feeding of GSE diet was well tolerated without fatality, behavioural abnormality, changes in food consumption, body weight or liver function. The Abeta levels in the brain and serum of the mice fed with GSE were reduced by 33% and 44%, respectively, compared with the Alzheimer's mice fed with the control diet. Amyloid plaques and microgliosis in the brain of Alzheimer's mice fed with GSE were also reduced by 49% and 70%, respectively. Curcumin also significantly reduced brain Abeta burden and microglia activation. Conclusively, polyphenol-rich GSE prevents the Abeta deposition and attenuates the inflammation in the brain of a transgenic mouse model, and this thus is promising in delaying development of AD.

Flavonoids as Therapeutic Compounds Targeting Key Proteins Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…63 Additionally, consumption of polyphenol-rich grape seed extract or curcumin for 9 months prevented amyloid-beta deposition in the brain of an AD mouse model. 64 At the APP processing level, it was demonstrated that longterm treatment (16 months) with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) significantly lowered APP protein levels in a transgenic mouse model of AD, suggesting that its potential neuroprotective properties may be, at least partly, related to its APP lowering effects. 65 Also, brain parenchymal and cerebral vascular β-amyloid deposits were diminished in tannic acid treated PSAPP mice, suggesting that it acts as a natural β-secretase inhibitor.…”

What have we learned from the streptozotocin-induced animal model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, about the therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s research

“…In spite of that, wildly used turmeric spice (curcumin) in India has been suggested to be responsible for a much lower incidence of AD in India than the United States. In vivo studies in AD transgenic mice models have shown that dietary curcumin can cross the blood-brain barrier and significantly decrease Aβ deposition and plaque burden as well as markedly inhibit tau phosphorylation (Wang et al 2009;Ma et al 2009). The effect of curcumin has been extensively .…”

Grape seed and skin extract protects against acute chemotherapy toxicity induced by doxorubicin in rat red blood cells and plasma

“…Non flavonoids, highly abundant in grape skin, contain stilbenes such as resveratrol, which is at the basis of the french paradox (Renaud and De Lorgeril, 1992). GSSE has wide-ranging benefits including cardioprotective (Decordé et al, 2009), renoprotective (Safa et al, 2010), and neuroprotective (Wang et al, 2009) effects. GSSE also protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (Sehirli et al, 2008), biliary obstruction (Dulundu et al, 2007), and azathioprineinduced hepatotoxicity in rats (El-Ashmawy et al, 2010).…”