Consumption of sugar sweetened beverage is associated with incidence of metabolic syndrome in Tehranian children and adolescents

Abstract

BackgroundIntakes of high sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adults can escalate risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, data of longitudinal studies in children and adolescents are lacking. In this study we assessed consumption of SSBs in relation to incidence of MetS among children and adolescents during a 3.6 year follow-up.MethodsThis study was a population-based longitudinal study, in which 424 subjects, aged 6–18 years, from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with complete data on dietary intake, blood pressure, anthropometry, and biochemical indices were followed for 3.6 years. Dietary intake was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined according to the Cook criteria. Sugar sweetened beverages included all kinds of sugar sweetened carbonated soft drinks (SSSDs) and fruit juice drinks.ResultsAverage daily intakes of SSSD and fruit juice drinks were 38.5 ± 75.0 and 32.3 ± 60.1 g, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, compared to the first quartile, the odds ratio of incident MetS in the highest quartile of SSB and SSSD was 3.20 (95 % CI: 1.06–9.90) and 3.01 (95 % CI: 1.17–7.74), respectively. Regarding incidence of MetS components, compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of SSSDs showed odds ratios of 2.49 (95 % CI: 1.00–6.53) for abdominal obesity and 2.79 (95 % CI: 1.02–7.64) for hypertension. No significant association was found between consumption of fruit juice drink and SSSD with other components of MetS.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with high intakes of carbonated beverages could be at increased risk of MetS, abdominal obesity, and hypertension.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review from 2013 to 2015 and a Comparison with Previous Studies

“…In 2 studies under-reporters were included in the analysis but with adjustment for underreporting, and in 4 studies under-reporters were excluded. Five studies used BMI as body weight outcome [20,21,22,23,24], 5 BMI Z-score [25,26,27,28,29], 3 body fat [30,31,32], 3 waist circumference [33,34,35], and 1 weight-for-height z-score [36] (table 1). Almost all (94%) of the articles showed a positive association between SSB intake and body weight measures, meaning that a higher SSB consumption lead to a higher degree of adiposity.…”

Prediction of metabolic syndrome by a high intake of energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks in Iranian children and adolescents

“…These solid foods have high content of energy, added sugar, saturated fat, and salt. The association between sugar sweetened beverages and MetS among children and adolescents was investigated in another study, published recently (41). Sugar sweetened beverages were not included in snack consumption; nor were foods with high nutritional value, such as fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, considered as snacks.…”

Soft drink intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…[4][5][6] Soft drink consumption may be a proxy marker of an unhealthy lifestyle or may lead to metabolic syndrome through molecular and physiological pathways which predispose to obesity, dyslipidaemia, and dysglycaemia. 12 Similarly, a prospective cohort study of 9514 adults in the USA found individuals in the highest tertile of ASB intake to have a greater risk of metabolic syndrome (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.44) after a 9-year follow-up. For example, a prospective cohort study of middle-aged adults in the USA found a non-significant association between SSB intake and development of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.96-2.74) in a subgroup of 3184 participants.…”