Consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity: cross sectional results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort (2008–2010)

Silva, Fernanda Marcelina; Giatti, Luana; Figueiredo, Rachel; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi; Cardoso, Letícia de Oliveira; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Barreto, Sandhi Maria

doi:10.1017/s1368980018000861

Cited by 92 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…These foods present an unbalanced nutritional composition, lack micronutrients and phytochemicals, contain low levels of fiber and protein and are rich in free sugars, total fats, saturated and trans fats and sodium. 8 Previous studies have identified positive associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity, [9][10][11][12][13] metabolic syndrome in adolescents, 14 dyslipidemia in children 15 and hypertension in adults. 16 In addition, a recent ecological study that included data from 19 European countries showed a positive association between household availability of ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of obesity among adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum C-reactive protein levels: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: There may be a direct association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, under the assumption that the high glycemic index of these food products could stimulate the entire chronic inflammation cascade, along with an indirect association mediated by obesity. The types of food consumed, including ultra-processed products, strongly influence obesity, and are also associated with higher serum CRP levels. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether the caloric contribution of ultra-processed foods to diet is associated with CRP levels, independent of body mass index (BMI). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis on the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline cohort (2008)(2009)(2010). METHODS: Dietary information, obtained through a food frequency questionnaire, was used to estimate the percentage of energy contribution from ultra-processed food to individuals' total caloric intake. CRP levels were the response variable. Sex-specific associations were estimated using generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log-link function. RESULTS: Ultra-processed food accounted for 20% of total energy intake. Among men, after adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics, there was no association between ultra-processed food intake and CRP levels. Among women, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking and physical activity, the highest tercile of ultra-processed food intake was associated with mean CRP levels that were 14% higher (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.24) than those of the lowest tercile. However, after considering BMI, this association lost statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the positive association of ultra-processed food consumption with CRP levels among women seems to be mediated by the presence of adiposity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum C-reactive protein levels: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study

et al. 2019

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“…Additional factors that were absent from the frameworks and for which evidence exist were added (e.g. high-sugar, nutrient-poor foods, ultra-processed foods (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) , food environment (24,25) , supermarket growth (26) , street vendors, food eaten away from home (27,28) , literacy (29) , urban residency (30) , microbiome (31,32) ). The final list of shared drivers was reviewed by the authors and drivers for which consensus was reached that they are shared were maintained, and in some cases, the terminologies were harmonised.…”

Section: Identifying and Categorising The Shared Drivers Of The Doublmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries with double-duty actions

2018

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Multiple forms of malnutrition co-exist (the double burden) in low- and middle-income countries, but most interventions and policies target only one form. Identifying shared drivers of the double burden of malnutrition is a first step towards establishing effective interventions that simultaneously address the double burden of malnutrition (known as double-duty actions). We identified shared drivers for the double burden of malnutrition, to assess which double-duty actions are likely to have the greatest reach in preventing all forms of malnutrition, in the context of the sustainable development goals. We reviewed existing conceptual frameworks of the drivers of undernutrition, obesity and environmental sustainability. Shared drivers affecting all forms of malnutrition and environmental sustainability were captured using a socio-ecological approach. The extent to which drivers were addressed by the five double-duty actions proposed by the WHO was assessed. Overall, eighty-three shared drivers for the double burden of malnutrition were identified. A substantial proportion (75·0%) could be addressed by the five WHO double-duty actions. ‘Regulations on marketing’ and ‘promotion of appropriate early and complementary feeding in infants’ addressed the highest proportion of shared drivers (65·1% and 53·0%, respectively). Twenty-four drivers were likely to be sensitive to environmental sustainability, with ‘regulations on marketing’ and ‘school food programmes and policies’ likely to have the greatest environmental reach. A quarter of the shared drivers remained unaddressed by the five WHO double-duty actions. Substantially more drivers could be addressed with minor modifications to the WHO double-duty actions and the addition of de novo actions.

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“…People spend most of their lives in the postprandial state since the true fasting state occurs only in the last 2 h of a regular night sleep (51) ; therefore, quality of food consumed will be key in the effect on health. Currently most of the foods consumed frequently are ultra-processed products (52,53) , which are mainly foods of poor quality (e.g. higher in CH of elevated GI and GL as well as low in dietary fibre and energy dense) (54) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the glycaemic index and glycaemic load with colorectal cancer in the population of Córdoba (Argentina): results of a case–control study using a multilevel modelling approach

et al. 2019

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The glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are involved in the aetiology of different diseases, and they could be related to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the quality and quantity indicators of carbohydrates consumed by the population of Córdoba (Argentina) and the odds of developing CRC in 2008–2016 period. A case–control study was conducted with 492 participants (161/331 cases/controls), interviewed through a validated FFQ. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of GI, GL and the quantity or weekly intake of high-GI foods on CRC occurrence, following adjustment for individual/first-level covariates, and using level of urbanisation as the contextual variable. The models were stratified by sex. Participants in the highest v. lowest tertile of dietary GL and weekly intake of high-GI foods had increased odds of CRC presence in the entire sample (OR 1·64, 95 % CI 1·16, 2·34 and OR 1·11, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·14, respectively) and in women (OR 1·98, 95 % CI 1·24, 3·18 and OR 1·41, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·83, respectively). In men, the second tertile of GL and weekly intake of high-GI foods were associated with CRC (OR 1·44, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·99 and OR 1·48, 95 % CI 1·32, 1·65, respectively). Also, GI was associated with CRC in women (highest v. lowest tertile OR 2·12, 95 % CI 1·38, 3·27). In addition to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates intake, it is important to consider the frequency of consumption of high-GI foods in CRC prevention.

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Consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity: cross sectional results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort (2008–2010)

Abstract: Results indicate the existence of associations between greater energy contribution from ultra-processed foods and higher BMI and WC, which are independent of total energy intake. These findings corroborate public policies designed to reduce the intake of this type of food.

Cited by 92 publications

References 37 publications

Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum C-reactive protein levels: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study

Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum C-reactive protein levels: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study

Addressing malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries with double-duty actions

Association of the glycaemic index and glycaemic load with colorectal cancer in the population of Córdoba (Argentina): results of a case–control study using a multilevel modelling approach

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