Contact allergens for the allergist

Fonacier, Luz; Frankel, David S.; Mawhirt, S.

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2022.03.022

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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Section: Mechanisms Of Allergic Reactions Caused By Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ICD lesions occur after exposure to a single substance (even at small concentrations), and the effects may accumulate due to repeated exposure, usually resulting in chronic skin damage and lesions. 42 , 43 , 44 ICD may present as acute or chronic lesions. Many substances related to CD are triggers due to their irritant or toxic effects, for example, chemical agents, physical agents, plants, phototoxic agents, airborne irritants, etc.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Allergic Reactions Caused By Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systemic allergic contact dermatitis to palladium, platinum, and titanium: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches

Sadrolvaezin,

Pezhman,

Zare

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Contact dermatitis (CD) is an inflammatory skin disease of eczema that is elicited by chemicals or metal ions that have toxic effects without eliciting a T‐cell response (contact elicitation) or by small reactive chemicals that modify proteins and induce innate and adaptive immune responses (contact allergens). The clinical condition is characterized by localized skin rash, pruritus, redness, swelling, and lesions, which are mainly detected by patch tests and lymphocyte stimulation. Heavy metals such as palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and titanium (Ti) are ubiquitous in our environment. These heavy metals have shown CD effects as allergic agents. Immunological responses result from the interaction of cytokines and T cells. Occupational metal CD accounts for most cases of work‐related cutaneous disorders. In this systematic review, the allergic effects of heavy metals, including Pd, Pt, and Ti, and the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the therapeutic approaches introduced to treat CD, including corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, systemic immunosuppressive agents, phototherapy, and antihistamines, can be effective in the treatment of these diseases in the future. Ultimately, the insights identified could lead to improved therapeutic and diagnostic pathways.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Allergic Reactions Caused By Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Allergic Reactions Caused By Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic allergic contact dermatitis to palladium, platinum, and titanium: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches

Sadrolvaezin,

Pezhman,

Zare

et al. 2023

MedComm

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“…The skin is repeatedly exposed to various antigenic substances of natural origin, cosmetics, metal accessories, and medical products of artificial origins, in the broad context of the environment ( 1 ), and the immunogenicity of these substances as sensitizers has been investigated ( 2 , 3 ). Antigen-presenting cells (APC) in skin exposed to sensitizers migrate to the draining lymph nodes (dLN) via lymphatic vessels and present them in the context of gene products of self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia and II to antigen (Ag)-specific T cells ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR1 deficiency enhances IL-17-mediated allergic contact dermatitis

et al. 2023

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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecules present antigens to subsets of T cells primarily involved in host defense against pathogenic microbes and influence the development of immune-mediated diseases. The MHC class Ib molecule MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) functions as a platform to select MR1-restricted T cells, including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the thymus, and presents ligands to them in the periphery. MAIT cells constitute an innate-like T-cell subset that recognizes microbial vitamin B2 metabolites and plays a defensive role against microbes. In this study, we investigated the function of MR1 in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) by examining wild-type (WT) and MR1-deficient (MR1-/-) mice in which ACD was induced with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). MR1-/- mice exhibited exaggerated ACD lesions compared with WT mice. More neutrophils were recruited in the lesions in MR1-/- mice than in WT mice. WT mice contained fewer MAIT cells in their skin lesions following elicitation with DNFB, and MR1-/- mice lacking MAIT cells exhibited a significant increase in IL-17-producing αβ and γδ T cells in the skin. Collectively, MR1-/- mice displayed exacerbated ACD from an early phase with an enhanced type 3 immune response, although the precise mechanism of this enhancement remains elusive.

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“…Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) represents a type IV, cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction caused by an allergen coming in contact with the skin [1] . ACD has a prevalence of approximately 15–20 %, and accounts for 10–15 % of all occupational diseases [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%