Contact allergy in Danish children: Current trends

Simonsen, Anne Birgitte; Foss-Skiftesvik, Majken H.; Thyssen, Jacob P.; Deleuran, Mette; Mørtz, Charlotte G.; Zachariae, Claus; Skov, Lone; Østerballe, Morten; Funding, Anne Toftegaard; Avnstorp, Christian; Andersen, B; Vissing, Susanne; Danielsen, Anne; Dufour, Nathalie; Nielsen, Niels; Thormann, Henrik; Sommerlund, Mette; Johansen, Jeanne Duus

doi:10.1111/cod.13079

Cited by 38 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Based on the results of our study, the prevalence of contact allergy in atopic children is comparable to that noted in non-atopic children (p = 0,2958, odds ratio 0,75). Our results are not in line with a recent systematic review [13] showing that the risk of developing contact allergy in children with AD was less than those who were not atopic, while are in agreement with a recent study based on patch test data of 1573 children from the Danish National Database of Contact allergies [14]. As noted by these authors, the sensitization rates reported considerably varied, as did the studies regarding size, study design, allergens used for patch testing, the patch test methodology, age and sex distribution, and criteria for atopic dermatitis, which make difficult to draw any strong conclusion regarding the relationship between AD and contact allergy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Contact Allergy in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study

Romita

Foti

Stingeni

et al. 2019

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Background: The relationship between atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis is frequently debated, particularly in children. The impaired skin barrier of atopic subjects can facilitate the penetration of exogenous agents and its mutations in the filaggrin gene might be implicated in an increased risk to develop contact dermatitis. Moreover, atopic children are protractedly exposed to chemical substances contained in skin care products from an early age. Patients And Methods: The aim of this retrospective study is to determine if atopic children are more prone to allergic contact dermatitis and which substances are more frequently related to this disease. From 2014 to 2016, a total of 268 children under 14 years with a history of eczematous dermatitis, of whom 141 (52.6%) were affected, and 127 (47.4%) were not affected by AD, underwent patch testing with the baseline S.I.D.A.P.A standard series. Results: Based on the results of our study, the prevalence of contact allergy in atopic children is comparable to that noted in non-atopic children. The most frequent causes of contact allergy in children are fragrances, and their prevalence is significantly higher in atopic children (19.9%) than in non-atopic ones, (11.8%; p < .05). Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of patch testing in atopic children for continuously monitoring the trends and changes of contact allergies that are a common disease and is even significantly increasing for some allergens, as fragrances. We may speculate that the protracted use of skincare products, associated with the impaired skin barrier of atopic children, enhances the risk of sensitization to the ingredients of these products.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Contact Allergy in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study

Romita

Foti

Stingeni

et al. 2019

EMIDDT

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“…The prevalences are approximately 8% to 19% in adults and 8% to 10% in children and adolescents in the general population, with a strong predominance in women as compared with men (4‐10 times) and in girls as compared with boys . In dermatitis patients, the prevalence is higher (adults, 12%‐25%; children, 5%‐30%) . Nickel allergy has been less investigated outside of Europe, although persistently high prevalences have been observed in Asia and North America .…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Nickel Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In dermatitis patients, the prevalence is higher (adults, 12%-25%; children, 5%-30%). [9][10][11][12][13] Nickel allergy has been less investigated outside of Europe, although persistently high prevalences have been observed in Asia and North America. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] A higher prevalence of nickel allergy in individuals with atopic dermatitis has been shown in some studies, whereas others have found negative associations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment

et al. 2019

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Nickel is the most frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide and has been studied extensively. This clinical review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology, exposure sources, methods for exposure quantification, skin deposition and penetration, immunology, diagnosis, thresholds for sensitization and elicitation, clinical pictures, prevention, and treatment. The implementation of a nickel regulation in Europe led to a decrease in the prevalence of nickel allergy, and changes in the clinical picture and disease severity. Nevertheless, the prevalences of nickel allergy in the European general population are approximately 8% to 19% in adults and 8% to 10% in children and adolescents, with a strong female predominance. Well‐known consumer items such as jewellery and metal in clothing are still the main causes of nickel allergy and dermatitis, although a wide range of items for both private and occupational use may cause dermatitis. Allergic nickel dermatitis may be localized to the nickel exposure site, be more widespread, or present as hand eczema. Today, efficient methods for exposure quantification exist, and new insights regarding associated risk factors and immunological mechanisms underlying the disease have been obtained. Nevertheless, questions remain in relation to the pathogenesis, the persistent high prevalence, and the treatment of severe cases.

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“…Contact allergy is common and increasing in children, and may have important repercussions on quality of life and social relationships. 3 Contact allergy in children is thought to be caused by a high exposure to allergens at a younger age, especially in case of breakdown of the skin barrier, as occurs in AD. However, the relationship between contact allergy and AD is still controversial, with some studies reporting a reduced sensitization among patients with AD compared with nonatopics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Regarding Cr, the most common sources of exposure are thought to be leather footwear, followed by toy make-up and mobile phones. 3 From May 2015, the level of Cr(VI) in leather articles placed on the markets of European countries that come into contact with the skin has been restricted to <3 ppm. 2 However, a reduction in the amount of Cr exposure remains an important health consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When sneakers turn out to be false friends: Allergic contact dermatitis to chromium in a 4‐year‐old child with atopic dermatitis

et al. 2020

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chromium, contact dermatitis, foot, pediatric Chromium (Cr), the third most common metal allergen in many countries, is used to tan most leather products to provide softness and durability. 1,2 The typical Cr-allergic patient presents with foot dermatitis due to Cr-exposure from leather footwear. 2 Although people of all ages can develop Crfootwear allergy, it rarely occurs in the pediatric population. We report here a case of allergic footwear dermatitis in a 4-year-old boy with atopic dermatitis (AD) caused by Cr despite wearing seemingly leather-free sneakers. CASE REPORTA 4-year-old boy with AD was referred due to dermatitis in both feet of 20 days' duration. The patient had had dyshidrotic eczema on the palmar regions 1 year before. History showed that he had started wearing a new pair of sneakers, seemingly devoid of leather parts, 1 month before the onset of the skin lesions. Cutaneous examination showed symmetrical patches over both soles, with hyperkeratosis, scaling, and erythema (Figure 1). The lesions were intensely itchy and mildly painful, especially when sweating occurred. A diagnosis of allergic contact F I G U R E 1 Footwear dermatitis 320 DI ALTOBRANDO ET AL.

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Contact allergy in Danish children: Current trends

Abstract: Allergic contact dermatitis continues to be a common disease in children, and is even significantly increasing for some allergens.

Cited by 38 publications

References 63 publications

Contact Allergy in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study

Contact Allergy in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study

Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment

When sneakers turn out to be false friends: Allergic contact dermatitis to chromium in a 4‐year‐old child with atopic dermatitis

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