2000
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042003123.x
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Contact allergy, irritancy and ‘danger’

Abstract: Conventional models of the immune response are based on distinguishing self and non-self. However, we consider that the more recently proposed 'danger' model may be an illuminating alternative for studying allergic contact dermatitis. In this model, an antigenic signal on its own would tend to produce tolerance. In contrast, in the presence of a 'danger' signal, which, in the case of allergic contact dermatitis, we suggest is usually cutaneous irritancy, the immune system would become activated, leading first … Show more

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Cited by 138 publications
(97 citation statements)
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“…Other irritants are able to deplete GSH reductase activity, as demonstrated in an animal model, where this enzyme appears partially inactivated in the area of application of dinitrobenzene patch test suggesting an alteration both quantitative and qualitative at protein level (9)(10). Chemical irritants are known to produce skin inflammation, due to their potential of altering epidermal barrier, cellular membranes and protein expression, and induce cytokine production (11). Chemical features of such irritants establish the conditions for special signals ("danger" signals) to the epidermis, causing the initiation of an inflammatory response (11)(12).…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…Other irritants are able to deplete GSH reductase activity, as demonstrated in an animal model, where this enzyme appears partially inactivated in the area of application of dinitrobenzene patch test suggesting an alteration both quantitative and qualitative at protein level (9)(10). Chemical irritants are known to produce skin inflammation, due to their potential of altering epidermal barrier, cellular membranes and protein expression, and induce cytokine production (11). Chemical features of such irritants establish the conditions for special signals ("danger" signals) to the epidermis, causing the initiation of an inflammatory response (11)(12).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ROS production can be also modified by the release of other inflammatory mediators, since several cytokines and prostaglandins can induce an enhancement of their intracellular production. Additionally, cells participating to the inflammatory reactions release ROS (11)(12).…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…This process causes an excessive Langerhans cells response to allergens and increases an incidence of sensitization. 25 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Against that background, the unfolding story of allergy to nickel provides a compelling illustration of the validity of the "two signal" hypothesis as it relates to skin sensitization (McFadden and Basketter, 2000;Kimber et al, 2002). Delivery of the allergen per se is insufficient to ensure that immunological priming will be initiated.…”
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confidence: 99%