Contact allergy to oxidized geraniol among Swedish dermatitis patients—A multicentre study by the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group

Hagvall, Lina; Bruze, Magnus; Engfeldt, Malin; Isaksson, Marléne; Lindberg, Magnus; Ryberg, Kristina; Stenberg, Berndt; Svedman, Cecilia; Karlberg, A.-T.; Christensson, Johanna Bråred

doi:10.1111/cod.13047

Cited by 15 publications

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“…Patch testing with distilled geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11.0% pet. (containing geranial at 0.5% and neral at 0.1%) was performed in the same cohort, and has been previously reported . Concomitant reactions to oxidized geraniol 11.0%, among patients with positive patch test reactions to geranial, neral, or citral are presented in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In the mixture of oxidation products from autoxidized geraniol, strongly sensitizing geraniol hydroperoxides were detected in addition to geranial and neral. The oxidation mixture of geraniol at 10 weeks contained geraniol 59% (wt/wt), geranial 4.6%, neral 1.2%, and geraniol hydroperoxide 3.7% . Only 34% of patients with positive reactions to oxidized geraniol also reacted to one or more of the aldehydes (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that testing with the oxidation mixture of geraniol will detect more cases than testing with pure geraniol . We also know that patch testing with citral at a higher test concentration in parallel to FM II will identify more cases of contact allergy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pattern of concomitant reactions to these fragrance sensitizers as well as geraniol and oxidized geraniol, all patch tested in parallel, was also studied. The results were evaluated together with results from oxidized geraniol, tested concomitantly but published separately …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that testing with the oxidation mixture of geraniol will detect more cases than testing with pure geraniol. [17][18][19] We also know that patch testing with citral at a higher test concentration in parallel to FM II will identify more cases of contact allergy. 9 Moreover, our previous investigations have suggested that geranial, the major isomer of citral, might be a better screening substance for contact allergy compared with citral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

et al. 2019

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Background: Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I.Objectives: To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series.Methods: A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series.Results: Frequencies of positive reactions to citral, geranial, and neral were 2.9%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Together, citral and geranial gave 4.2% positive patch test reactions in consecutive dermatitis patients. In patients with positive reactions to citral or its components, 25% to 34% reacted to FM II and 61% reacted to oxidized geraniol.Conclusions: Patch testing with citral, its components, or oxidized geraniol detects contact allergic reactions not detected using the baseline series. Patch testing with pure geraniol was shown to be of little value. Geranial and neral, although closely chemically related, are concluded to be separate haptens. K E Y W O R D Sallergic contact dermatitis,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

et al. 2019

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Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Orton,

Stone

2024

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Allergic contact dermatitis is considered to be a prototype of delayed hypersensitivity reactions requiring two phases – induction and elicitation. The amount of allergen per skin surface area is the key factor that determines the risk of induction. Exposure‐related factors that influence the elicitation phase include allergen concentration (dose), duration and frequency of exposure, the matrix, the presence of irritants and the region of application. A diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis requires careful evaluation of a patient's clinical history when the suspicion is aroused, physical examination, and various types of skin testing (patch testing, photopatch testing and repeat open application tests. During the last few decades much effort has been put into standardisation of allergens, vehicles, test concentrations and the scoring of test reactions. This chapter provides information on the diagnosis and management of allergic contact dermatitis and information on the major allergens involved in regional dermatitis.

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Contact Dermatitis Due to Cosmetics

Goossens

2021

Clinical Contact Dermatitis

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Contact allergy to oxidized geraniol among Swedish dermatitis patients—A multicentre study by the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group

Abstract: Oxidized geraniol 11% pet. provides better detection than oxidized geraniol 6% pet. As most patients reacted only to oxidized geraniol, it is important to explore further whether oxidized geraniol should be included in a baseline patch test series.

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Contact Dermatitis Due to Cosmetics

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