Contact allergy to preservatives – II

Groot, Anton C. de; Bos, Jan D.; Jagtman, B A; Bruynzeel, Derk P.; Joost, Th. van; Weyland, J. Willem

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01340.x

Cited by 97 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Eleven positive reactions (1.8%) [8] were observed out of 625 patients. This appeared to be relatively high in comparison with other results published in the meantime using a 100-ppm test con centration [9][10][11][12], The Swiss Contact Dermatitis Research Group introduced the isothiazolinones at the concentration of 100 ppm recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group in their standard patch test scries in 1987. An increasing rate of positive reactions was observed from 3.5% in 1987 [13] to6.4% in 1988. and 5.6% from 1989 till January 1990 (sec p. 94 in this issue).…”

mentioning

confidence: 50%

The ‘Isothiazolinone Story’

Hunziker¹

1992

Dermatology

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mentioning

confidence: 50%

The ‘Isothiazolinone Story’

Hunziker¹

1992

Dermatology

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“…This last becomes urgent because of the increasing body of unwanted reactions (irritation is the most common side effect to cosmetics) experienced by the consumer. Several studies carried out in USA, 5,6 Sweden, 7 Spain, 8 France, 9 The Netherlands 10,11 indicate that 3 to 8% of adverse skin reactions are caused by hair colorants and up to 23% by eye make-up products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of cosmetic products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry: when a combined approach is successful

Facino

Carini

Marinello

et al. 1997

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS, both in the positive-and negative-ion modes) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were applied for the rapid identification of the main ingredients of two widely employed cosmetic products, a mascara and a semipermanent hair dye. FAB-MS, on the untreated product (hair dye) or on a crude methanol extract (mascara) gives an unequivocal fingerprint of involatile constituents, i.e. surfactants, anionic (cetyl/stearyl soaps) in mascara and cationic (polyethoxylated oleyl/linoleyl/ricinoleyl-methyl ammonium chloride) in the hair dye. GC/MS (n-hexane and chloroform extracts), detects hydrocarbons, volatile silicon compounds, perfume components, preservatives and antioxidants in mascara and fatty acids ( The quality control of a cosmetic product is not only important from a technological point of view, to guarantee to the consumer the expected cosmetic performance and to verify that it satisfies the legislative requirements, but above all to avoid the risk of toxic reactions due to contaminants. The inspection becomes urgent and essential when a toxic adverse reaction (e.g. cosmetic dermatitis) is experienced by a consumer and/ or when fraudulence is suspected. This challenges the analytical chemist to a difficult task, because of the multi-ingredient composition of cosmetic products, the wide variety of cosmetic formulations on the market and the ever increasing availability of new raw materials (more than 8,000 raw materials and fragrances ingredients are available to the cosmetic chemist!).Continuing our interest in the field of quality control of cosmetics, raw materials and finished formulations, [1][2][3][4] in the present work we evaluated the potential of mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of the main components of two widely used "stay-on" products, viz a mascara and a hair dye, both chosen because of the well known problem of toxicity associated with colourants (and to their decomposition or by-products) since they are close to, or actually in contact with mucous membranes. The problem was approached by a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) techniques, in an attempt to draw up a protocol/guideline for the rapid analysis of these potentially irritant formulations. EXPERIMENTAL Chemicals and apparatusAll the solvents used were analytical grade (Merck, Bracco, Milan, Italy). The mascara and the direct hair dye were from commercial sources. GC/MS determinations were performed under the following experimental conditions:(a) Mascara. C. Erba (Milan, Italy) Fractovap model gas chromatograph equipped with a capillary column (fused silica SE54, 25 m ϫ 0.32 mm i.d.); programming temperature: 70 °C-300 °C (7 °C/min); injector temperature: 270 °C; carrier gas helium (30 cm.s

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“…Among the new preservative agents, Kathon CG is the most frequently used in cosmetic preparations, and after the first cases of contact allergy to it [1][2][3], a large number of reports document sensitivity to this compound in toiletries [4], Occupational contact dermatitis from this isothiazoli none mixture is not frequent; the most important industrial sources of sensitization are cutting oils, water-cooling sys tems [5], radiography [6) and milk sampling [7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Dermatitis from Isothiazolinones in the Nylon Production

Valsecchi¹,

Leghissa²,

Piazzolla³

et al. 1993

Dermatology

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Kathon is a biocide consisting of a mixture of two isothiazolinone derivatives (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) in an approximate ratio of 3:1 respectively, and with MgCl₂ and Mg(NO₃)₂ present as stabilizers. The isothiazolinones are marketed under several brand names, and the concentration of the active ingredient varies according to their intended application. At a concentration of 3–15 ppm it shows activity against a wide spectrum of fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Contact allergy to it has been caused by cosmetics and also by products used in the pottery and various other industries. Recently we had the opportunity to observe 6 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis from an isothiazolinone mixture named Grotan TK 2 in a large textile industry producing nylon. An oil emulsion containing isothiazolinones is used in the spinning phase of the work cycle to prevent bacterial contamination that would damage yarn quality; furthermore, it helps to decrease the electrostatic charge that is produced by high speed at which the yarn moves and also to decrease the breakage possibility.

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Contact allergy to preservatives – II

Cited by 97 publications

References 18 publications

The ‘Isothiazolinone Story’

The ‘Isothiazolinone Story’

Analysis of cosmetic products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry: when a combined approach is successful

Occupational Dermatitis from Isothiazolinones in the Nylon Production

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