Contact Angle at the Leading Edge Controls Cell Protrusion Rate

Gabella, Chiara; Bertseva, Elena; Bottier, Céline; Piacentini, Niccolò; Bornert, Alicia; Jeney, Sylvia; Forró, Lászlø; Sbalzarini, Ivo F.; Meister, Jean-Jacques; Verkhovsky, Alexander B.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.050

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most relevant to this work are the well-established feedbacks between cell shape (Parker et al ., 2002; James et al ., 2008; Gabella et al ., 2014; Elliott et al ., 2015) and cell–matrix adhesion to local protrusive activity (Nayal et al ., 2006; Xia et al ., 2008). The feedback between cell shape and protrusion regulation is mediated by myosin II contractility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact guidance requires spatial control of leading-edge protrusion

Juan

Oakes

Gardel

2017

MBoC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact guidance requires spatial control of leading-edge protrusion

Juan

Oakes

Gardel

2017

MBoC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For traction force microscopy, cells were plated on polyacrylamide gels with fluorescent beads [24]. Gels were prepared and coated with fibronectin as described in [15,25], and the gel's rigidity was verified with atomic-force microscopy. Traction stress was reconstructed from fluorescence image sequences using Fourier transform traction cytometry (FTTC) method implemented as an ImageJ plugin, as described in [26].…”

Section: Cell Culture and Traction Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traction forces control cell-edge dynamics and mediate distance-sensitivity during cell polarization

Messi

Bornert

Raynaud

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traction forces are generated by cellular actin-myosin system and transmitted to the environment through adhesions. They are believed to drive cell motion, shape changes, and extracellular matrix remodeling [1][2][3]. However, most of the traction force analysis has been performed on stationary cells, investigating forces at the level of individual focal adhesions or linking them to static cell parameters such as area and edge curvature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. It is not well understood how traction forces are related to shape changes and motion, e.g. forces were reported to either increase or drop prior to cell retraction [11][12][13][14][15]. Here, we analyze the dynamics of traction forces during the protrusion-retraction cycle of polarizing fish epidermal keratocytes and find that forces fluctuate in concert with the cycle, increasing during the protrusion phase and reaching maximum at the beginning of retraction. We relate force dynamics to the recently discovered phenomenological rule [16] that governs cell edge behavior during keratocyte polarization: both traction forces and the probability of switch from protrusion to retraction increase with the distance from the cell center. Diminishing traction forces with cell contractility inhibitor leads to decreased edge fluctuations and abnormal polarization, while externally applied force can induce protrusion-retraction switch. These results suggest that forces mediate distance-sensitivity of the edge dynamics and ultimately organize cell-edge behavior leading to spontaneous polarization. Actin flow rate did not exhibit the same distance-dependence as traction stress, arguing against its role in organizing edge dynamics. Finally, using a simple model of actin-myosin network, we show that force-distance relationship may be an emergent feature of such networks.

show abstract

“…Although membrane-tension measurements have been reported in various motile cell types, including fibroblasts (5), neutrophils (1), and fish keratocytes (3,6), the tension distribution in the plasma membrane of motile cells has remained largely unexplored. The plasma membrane exhibits properties of a two-dimensional fluid, so that in stationary cells, membrane tension has to be homogeneous and isotropic, whereas transient changes in tension should relax (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Front-to-Rear Membrane Tension Gradient in Rapidly Moving Cells

Lieber

Schweitzer

Kozlov

et al. 2015

Biophysical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Membrane tension is becoming recognized as an important mechanical regulator of motile cell behavior. Although membrane-tension measurements have been performed in various cell types, the tension distribution along the plasma membrane of motile cells has been largely unexplored. Here, we present an experimental study of the distribution of tension in the plasma membrane of rapidly moving fish epithelial keratocytes. We find that during steady movement the apparent membrane tension is ∼30% higher at the leading edge than at the trailing edge. Similar tension differences between the front and the rear of the cell are found in keratocyte fragments that lack a cell body. This front-to-rear tension variation likely reflects a tension gradient developed in the plasma membrane along the direction of movement due to viscous friction between the membrane and the cytoskeleton-attached protein anchors embedded in the membrane matrix. Theoretical modeling allows us to estimate the area density of these membrane anchors. Overall, our results indicate that even though membrane tension equilibrates rapidly and mechanically couples local boundary dynamics over cellular scales, steady-state variations in tension can exist in the plasma membranes of moving cells.

show abstract

Contact Angle at the Leading Edge Controls Cell Protrusion Rate

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Contact guidance requires spatial control of leading-edge protrusion

Contact guidance requires spatial control of leading-edge protrusion

Traction forces control cell-edge dynamics and mediate distance-sensitivity during cell polarization

Front-to-Rear Membrane Tension Gradient in Rapidly Moving Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About