Contact angles and movement of air bubbles on bioinspired conical surfaces

Bioinspired movement of gas bubbles: composition, applications, generation, contact angle, and movement – an overview

“…This means that a gas bubble moves away from the tip on a conical surface. 18,19 As another example for triangular patterns, for an under-liquid gas bubble constrained between two boundaries of a triangular pattern has a local Laplace pressure of…”

“…35 One of the simpler way to create a gas bubble is by using an injection device. [17][18][19] Examples of the injection devices include microsyringe, micropipette, and pipette. For an example, to create in-air gas bubble, the injection device's tip is dipped in the liquid, taken out, and gas is injected in till the gas bubble detaches from the tip.…”

“…As an example, for creating a soap + water solution's air bubble, injection devices with opening size on the order of 0.5-3 mm can produce the air bubbles of volume on the order of 10-1000 mm 3 . 18,19 Similar way can be applied to create under-liquid gas bubbles. The injection device needs to be dipped in the liquid and gas needs to be injected.…”

“…A typical example of such gas bubbles is a soap bubble. [16][17][18] The under-liquid gas bubbles have comparatively more common occurrence. 4 These are gas bubbles under a liquid.…”

“…Similarly, bioinspired conical surfaces and bioinspired triangular pattern have also been developed and studied for gas bubbles movement. [17][18][19]21,22 Both types of gas bubbles, in air and under liquid, have been studied.…”