Contact dermatitis: Allergic and irritant

How Not to Be Misled by Disorders Mimicking Angioedema: A Review of Pseudoangioedema

“…Acute contact dermatitis of the face is often misdiagnosed as angioedema, as it can cause severe swelling of the facial and periorbital skin, especially after contact with hair dye (fig. 1) [14,15]. The reaction can become so severe that intubation may be necessary.…”

“…It can be distinguished from angioedema and other pseudoangioedemas by demonstration of superficial erythema, dermatitis, prominent pain or pruritus and a history of exposure to a foreign substance. Finally, the skin will often peel as the swelling resolves, in contrast to patients with angioedema [14]. Antihistamines are ineffective, but symptoms respond to corticosteroids given topically or systemically.…”

“…The reaction can be triggered by direct interaction with an irritating agent (irritant contact dermatitis) or allergenic chemical substance (allergic contact dermatitis) causing a type IV allergic reaction [14]. Acute contact dermatitis of the face is often misdiagnosed as angioedema, as it can cause severe swelling of the facial and periorbital skin, especially after contact with hair dye (fig.…”

The Role of Textiles in Dermatitis: An Update

“…Irritant characteristics to consider include type of irritant, amount of exposure, length of exposure, and frequency of exposure [46]. Host characteristics to consider include age (inverse relationship: susceptibility to ICD decreases with age), sex (increased frequency of ICD in women compared to men), pre-existing cutaneous conditions such as atopic dermatitis (increased susceptibility to ICD in the presence of AD due to pre-existing skin barrier dysfunction), and genetic factors (filaggrin null alleles found in ichthyosis and some cases of AD confer increased susceptibility to ICD) [47][48][49][50]46].…”

The role of polyols and amino acids in the maintenance of homeostasis in the skin

“…Inter alia, different types of contact dermatitis (irritant contact dermatitis -ICD and allergic contact dermatitis -ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are accompanied by impaired barrier function. Special attention shall be paid to ICD, which is a non-immunologic and non-specific inflammatory disorder caused by external challenges (Tan et al, 2014), since it is a frequent occupational disease affecting workers in healthcare, food-and cosmetic industry (Schwensen et al, 2013). It is known that vehicles and additives used for dermal or transdermal medication may also lead to irritation (Gloor, 2004;Erős et al, 2014).…”