Contact dermatitis in children

Sevila, Amparo; Romaguera, C.; Vilaplana, J.; Botella, Rafael

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00601.x

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, during the last 10-20 years, several reports have described a considerable number of children with contact allergy and ACD (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), confirming that contact allergy and ACD is not infrequent in children and may cause a significant clinical problem. Weston et al (33) estimated that ACD accounts for up to 20% of all dermatitis in childhood.…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few cases resulting from exposure to epoxy resin, neomycin, balsam of Peru, ethylenediamine and nickel have been reported (34)(35)(36) (16). Thus, the general impression is that contact allergy and ACD is rare in young children compared to older children, and that contact allergy and ACD becomes more frequent with increasing age, especially after the 1st decade, as exposure to environmental allergens increases (2,6,14,26,29,31,38). Table 1 shows results from a number of patch test studies from different centers (1-7, 22-25, 28-32, 38).…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these studies show a female dominance (2,23,(29)(30)(31)38) although some studies show an equal sensitization rate among girls and boys (4,24). It is especially nickel allergy that has been found to be more common among girls (2,6,23,24,29,31). However, it is difficult to compare the results between studies, because they vary with regard to patient-related and technical factors, such as age and sex distribution, criteria for atopy, criteria for patch testing, Few studies have patch tested defined subgroups of children in the population to evaluate the sensitization rate (Table 2).…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children and adolescents is seen occasionally, and several reports on series of children and adolescents with ACD have appeared in the literature (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The frequency of unselected children and adolescents with positive patch tests to standard series allergens is not negligible (8)(9)(10).…”

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Allergic contact dermatitis in children and adolescents

1999

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From a clinical point of view, the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) among children and adolescents seems to be low. However, many children have dermatitis, most often atopic dermatitis. In selected cases, ACD is suspected, and the child is tested. The question remains, whether the prevalence of ACD in children really is low or whether the possibility of ACD is not sufficiently considered. During the last decade, reports have appeared on series of children and adolescents with contact allergy and ACD. Few cases have been reported in infants, but the development of contact allergy and ACD increases with age. Most studies include selected groups of children and adolescents with suspected ACD. Few studies have examined unselected populations, and most consider only the prevalence of contact allergy without evaluating the clinical relevance, e.g., the prevalence of ACD. Furthermore, no follow-up studies exist. Therefore, the incidence and prevalence of contact allergy and ACD in children and adolescents is largely unknown.Key words: allergic contact dermatitis; contact allergy; Type IV allergy; patch testing; allergens; clinical relevance; children; adolescents; epidemiology; incidence; prevalence; atopic dermatitis; IgE-mediated hypersensitivity; Type I allergy. C Munksgaard, 1999. Accepted for publication 1 April 1999Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children and adolescents is seen occasionally, and several reports on series of children and adolescents with ACD have appeared in the literature (1-7). The frequency of unselected children and adolescents with positive patch tests to standard series allergens is not negligible (8-10). About 8% of unselected adolescents are nickel allergic and about 2% react to fragrance mix (11). When the contact allergy develops, and what the consequences of a positive patch test result are for the individual child, is less clear. This review summarizes the current knowledge from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Epidemiology Definitions and study designsThere are many definitions of epidemiology: one of the clearest is the study of occurrence of illness (12). The frequency of ACD can be expressed in terms of its incidence (the number of new cases of ACD during a defined period in a specific population) or its prevalence (the number of persons in the population with ACD at a certain point in time or during a certain period of time).The 3 most important types of observational study in the epidemiology of ACD are follow-up (cohort) studies, case-control studies and crosssectional studies.(i) In follow-up studies, selection of subjects is based upon exposure to factors of interest. In the prospective follow-up study, the person is exposed but free of the disease at the beginning of the study and is followed over a certain period of time. When both exposure and disease are historical, the study is described as a retrospective follow-up study. This design is less expensive than the prospective study. The measurement in follow-up studies is incidence.(ii) In ...

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Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic contact dermatitis in children and adolescents

1999

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“…Between 1992 and, during the testing of 6700 to 10000 patients annually with 0.05-0.1 % thimerosal in petrolatum as part of the standard series, an increase in the incidence of sensitizations from 4.2 % to 7.5 % was found by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK 1997). High incidences of sensitization were described for children and adolescents (Gonçalo et al 1992b, Sevila et al 1994) and young adults (Kränke et al 1995, Wantke et al 1996, while older patients reacted much less often (Wantke et al 1996); also in ulcus cruris patients, the patch test yielded only a relatively low incidence of positive results (Lange-Ionescu et al 1996).…”

Section: Effects In Manmentioning

confidence: 99%