Contact lens hygiene compliance and lens case contamination: A review

Wu, Yuan; Willcox, Mark; Zhu, Hua; Stapleton, Fiona

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2015.04.007

Cited by 101 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Due to its inherent resistance to killing, its capacity for adaptation, and its ubiquitousness in our environment, P. aeruginosa commonly contaminates contact lenses and lens care products. 52–54 On the surface of these materials, it can form robust biofilms, 30,33,55 including on contact lenses worn in vivo. 18,19 Biofilm formation, 56 and tear fluid, 57 can each promote outer membrane vesicle (OMV) release by P. aeruginosa , and OMVs can prime the cornea for subsequent bacteria adhesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Tam

Zhu

et al. 2017

The Ocular Surface

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Purpose The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a significant virulence determinant for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a rodent model, we found that contact lens (CL)-related corneal infections were associated with lens surface biofilms. Here, we studied the impact of human tear fluid on CL-associated biofilm growth and T3SS expression. Methods P. aeruginosa biofilms were formed on contact lenses for up to 7 days with or without human tear fluid, then exposed to tear fluid for 5 or 24 h. Biofilms were imaged using confocal microscopy. Bacterial culturability was quantified by viable counts, and T3SS gene expression measured by RT-qPCR. Controls included trypticase soy broth, PBS and planktonic bacteria. Results With or without tear fluid, biofilms grew to ~108 cfu viable bacteria by 24 h. Exposing biofilms to tear fluid after they had formed without it on lenses reduced bacterial culturability ~180-fold (p<.001). CL growth increased T3SS gene expression versus planktonic bacteria [5.46 ± 0.24-fold for T3SS transcriptional activitor exsA (p=.02), and 3.76 ± 0.36-fold for T3SS effector toxin exoS (p=.01)]. Tear fluid further enhanced exsA and exoS expression in CL-grown biofilms, but not planktonic bacteria, by 2.09 ± 0.38-fold (p = 0.04) and 1.89 ± 0.26-fold (p<.001), respectively. Conclusions Considering the pivitol role of the T3SS in P. aeruginosa infections, its induction in CL-grown P. aeruginosa biofilms by tear fluid might contribute to the pathogenesis of CL-related P. aeruginosa keratitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Tam

Zhu

et al. 2017

The Ocular Surface

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“…The international ISO 14729 and FDA 510(k) standards for adequate antimicrobial efficacy of contact lens multipurpose solutions are based only on tests which determine the efficacy against reference strains of planktonic bacteria and fungi (P. aeuruginosa, S. aureus, S. marcescens, Fusarium solani, and Candida albicans) [22]. Antimicrobial activity against such strains does not guarantee efficacy against clinical isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation of Achromobacter xylosoxidans on contact lens

Konstantinović

Ćirković

Đukić

et al. 2017

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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Achromobacter spp. may contaminate lenses, lens cases, and contact lens solutions and cause ocular infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of isolated strain of Achromobacter xylosoxidans to form biofilm on the surface of soft contact lenses (CL), to quantify the production of the formed biofilm, and compare it with the reference strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae). Bacterial strain isolated from one contact lens case was identified as A. xylosoxidans using Vitek2 Automated System. Biofilm forming capacity of isolated strain of A. xylosoxidans and reference strains of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and H. influenzae on soft CL were analyzed by commonly used microtitre plate method. Our results showed that isolated strain of A. xylosoxidans was capable to form biofilm on the surface of soft contact lens. A. xylosoxidans was strong biofilm producer while all examined reference strains were moderate biofilm producers. A. xylosoxidans appears to be superior biofilm producer on soft CL compared to reference strains.

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“…32 The lens storage case is the most frequently contaminated component of the lens care system. A variety of noncompliant lens care behaviors have been associated with significant increases in the risks of lens contamination, 33 and inadequate case care is the most common noncompliant behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Bioburden Decrease in Orthokeratology Lens Storage Cases After Forewarning: Assessment by the DNA Dot Hybridization Assay

Fang

Chang

et al. 2017

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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Background:The aim of this study was to measure the changes in the bacterial bioburden in orthokeratology (OK) lens storage cases using the DNA dot hybridization assay (DHA) after forewarning patients about their bacterial contamination severity.Methods:Thirty-one OK lens wearers were prospectively enrolled in this study. Dot hybridization assay was used for serial measurements of bacterial bioburden in OK storage cases after lenses had been soaked for approximately 6 hr. After the first assessment, the lens wearers were informed of the extent of case contamination and the possible risk of microbial keratitis (MK), and best practices for lens care and lens case hygiene were reviewed and reinforced. A second assessment by the same DHA method was performed after approximately 6 months.Results:Two universal bacterial probes confirmed a significant decrease in bacterial bioburden at the second assessment (P<0.01 and P<0.001). Genus-specific probes showed significant reductions in Acinetobacter and Klebsiella (P=0.02 and P=0.01), but not in Pseudomonas (P=0.42).Conclusions:Making OK lens wearers aware of the bacterial bioburden in their lens cases resulted in improved quality of case care and reduced bioburden. Our results suggest that a strategy of bioburden assessment with forewarning could be a useful method to decrease the incidence of OK-related MK.

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Contact lens hygiene compliance and lens case contamination: A review

Cited by 101 publications

References 110 publications

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Biofilm formation of Achromobacter xylosoxidans on contact lens

Bacterial Bioburden Decrease in Orthokeratology Lens Storage Cases After Forewarning: Assessment by the DNA Dot Hybridization Assay

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