Contact lens-related polymicrobial keratitis: Acanthamoeba spp. genotype T4 and Candida albicans

Büchele, Maria Luiza Carneiro; Wopereis, Débora Borgert; Casara, Fabiana; Macedo, Jefferson Peres de; Rott, Marilise Brittes; Filippin-Monteiro, Fabíola Branco; Bazzo, Maria Luiza; Spada, Fernando Dos Reis; Santos, Jairo Ivo dos; Caumo, Karin Silva

doi:10.1007/s00436-018-6037-x

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These must have a difference of at least 5% in order to be considered different sequences. 2 To date, 25 species 27 and 20 different genotypes of Acanthamoeba (T1-T20) 28,46,[49][50][51][52] have been recognised.…”

Section: Genotyping Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotype T4 is identified as the most common clinical isolate [26][27][28]36,50,53 in the majority of human infections, being linked to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) 2,17,30,48,51,54,55 in 90% of cases, and to brain, skin and lung infections in 79.3% of cases. 10 Unlike genotype T4, which is abundant in nature, 52 genotypes T3 and T11 are rare in the environment. 13 Genotypes related to corneal infections such as AK are T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T10, T11, T13, T15 and T16.…”

Section: Genotyping Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 The list of symptoms reported above are common with other bacterial, viral and fungal forms of keratitis, which can make the diagnosis difficult. 16,52 4.6. Signs of AK Similar to symptoms, some clinical signs are not specific and may be confused with other ocular diseases; thus the condition can be misdiagnosed and worsen over time.…”

Section: Symptoms Of Akmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, biguanides can be used without the use of diamidines. 13 The former include multiple agents, such as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), [1][2][3]13,14,25,31,33,45,52,54,66,98,132,134,141,147 chlorhexidine, [1][2][3]13,14,25,33,52,54,66,141 propamidine isethionate, dibromopropamidine and hexamidine. 127 The combination of chlorhexidine and propamidine isethionate is fast and efficient in AK infection.…”

Section: Treatment Of Akmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review of biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology

Lacerda

Lira

2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acanthamoeba keratitis is an infection caused by a unicellular protozoan of the genus Acanthamoeba that is universally widespread. Until now, most cases were reported in contact lens wearers, although it is also a reality for non‐wearers, mostly connected to corneal trauma. There is also a variation in incidence regarding the aetiology of the disease between developed and developing countries. Purpose This work is based on a literature review, and the main goal is to deepen the knowledge about Acanthamoeba keratitis, presenting the main risk factors and focusing on prevention actions for this type of corneal infection since the treatments are not always effective. It targets specialists in visual health to strengthen their knowledge in this area, as well as to allow them to better inform their patients about hygiene care, appropriate measures of disinfection and ways to minimise the risk of infection. At this stage, it is important to highlight the essential role that practitioners play in fitting, monitoring and following‐up patients to minimise the danger of infection. Recent findings It is well recognised that corneal trauma facilitates invasion by leaving an open door for microorganisms to penetrate the cornea. In addition to trauma, risk factors are mostly associated with patients’ behaviours, such as interaction of contact lenses with contaminated water in the shower, swimming pools and beaches, etc., lack of hygiene habits with contact lenses and respective cases, and the use of ineffective disinfecting solutions. The fact that a disinfecting solution is not completely effective against trophozoites and/or cysts, both forms of Acanthamoeba’s lifecycle, can cause the infection since one cyst alone leads to the emergence of a whole new population of Acanthamoeba. Summary It is necessary to reduce the risk of infection and, beyond the need to promote patient education to encourage correct CL hygiene behaviours, it should also be highlighted that there is an urgent need to enhance the efficacy of CL disinfection systems against all strains and both stages of Acanthamoeba through the creation of standardised methods. The ease of purchasing CLs without any supervision must also be considered a concern, and, in the near future, it is also important to develop and implement effective diagnostic methods and treatments for Acanthamoeba keratitis.

show abstract

Section: Genotyping Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotyping Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symptoms Of Akmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment Of Akmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review of biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology

Lacerda

Lira

2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Its role in keratitis therapy currently would be focused on drug resistant and/or chronic P. aeruginosa infections. While this study did not investigate the efficacy in polymicrobial keratitis [39,40], in which P. aeruginosa is one of several agents present. Future investigations can be done to determine its efficacy when given in combination with various broad-spectrum antibiotics which has been [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in Mice

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A worrisome trend in the study and treatment of infectious disease noted in recent years is the increase in multidrug resistant strains of bacteria concurrent with a scarcity of new antimicrobial agents to counteract this rise. This is particularly true amongst bacteria within the Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) designation. P. aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of bacterial keratitis. Therefore, it is of vital importance to characterize new antimicrobial agents with anti-Pseudomonal activity for use with the ocular surface. MEDI3902 is a multifunctional antibody that targets the P. aeruginosa persistence factor Psl exopolysaccharide, and the type 3 secretion protein PcrV. We initially assessed this antibody for ocular surface toxicity. The antimicrobial activity of the antibody was then tested by treating mice with established P. aeruginosa keratitis with both topical and intravenous treatment modalities. MEDI3902, was shown to be non-toxic to the ocular surface of mice when given topically. It was also effective compared to the control antibody at preventing P. aeruginosa keratitis with a one-time treatment at the time of infection. Both topical and intravenous administration of MEDI3902 has been proved significant in treating established keratitis infections as well, speeding the resolution of infection significantly more than that of the control IgG. We report the first use of a topical immunotherapeutic multifunctional agent targeting Psl and type 3 secretion on the ocular surface as an antimicrobial agent. While MEDI3902 has been shown to prevent Pseudomonas biofilm formation in keratitis models when given prophylactically intravitally, we show that MEDI3902 has the capability to also treat an active infection when given intravenously to mice with Pseudomonas keratitis. Our data indicate antibodies are well tolerated and nontoxic on the ocular surface. They reduce infection in mice treated concurrently at inoculation and reduced the signs of cornea pathology in mice with established infection. Taken together, these data indicate treatment with monoclonal antibodies directed against Psl and PcrV may be clinically effective in the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis and suggest that the design of further antibodies to be an additional tool in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.

show abstract

Genotype distribution of Acanthamoeba in keratitis: a systematic review

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acanthamoeba spp. are among the most worldwide prevalent protozoa. It is the causative agent of a disease known as Acanthamoeba keratitis, a painful and severe sight-threatening corneal infection that can lead to blindness. In recent years, the prevalence of Acanthamoeba keratitis has rapidly increased, growing its importance to human health. This systematic review aims to assess the distribution of Acanthamoeba sp. genotypes causing keratitis around the world, considering the sample collected type and the used identification method. Most of the cases were found in Asia and Europe. Not surprisingly, the T4 genotype was the most prevalent worldwide, followed by T3, T15, T11, and T5. Furthermore, the T4 genotype contains a higher number of species. Given the differences in pathology, susceptibility to treatment, and clinical outcome between distinct genotypes, it is essential to genotype isolates from Acanthamoeba keratitis cases to help to establish a better correlation between in vitro and in vivo activities, resulting in better drug therapies and successful treatment in cases of this important ocular infection.

show abstract

Contact lens-related polymicrobial keratitis: Acanthamoeba spp. genotype T4 and Candida albicans

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review of biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology

Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review of biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology

Multifunctional Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in Mice

Genotype distribution of Acanthamoeba in keratitis: a systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About